Oracle 12C Centos7.4桌面版本安装

1.系统安装： 安装Centos7.4 桌面版本，注意，swap分区要是内存的2倍
2.系统安装完成后

#安装工具包
 yum install -y vim wget net-tools  unzip zip
#安装依赖

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

#关闭selinux、防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
firewall-cmd --state
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^SELINUXTYPE=.*/SELINUXTYPE=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
grep --color=auto '^SELINUX' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

  # 创建用户和组

  groupadd oinstall 
  groupadd dba 
  groupadd oper 
  useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle 
  echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle #oracle用户的登录密码，后续登录要用，记着。

#创建目录

  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ 
  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app 
  chmod -R 775 /u01/app

#修改系统参数

echo '
* soft nofile 655350 
* hard nofile 655350 
* soft nproc 655350 
* hard nproc 655350
* soft stack 6553600
* hard stack 655360
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
'>>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo '

# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 
#表示当keepalive起用的时候，TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。缺省是2小时，改为20分钟。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 
##表示用于向外连接的端口范围。缺省情况下很小：32768到61000，改为1024到65000。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192 
##表示SYN队列的长度，默认为1024，加大队列长度为8192，可以容纳更多等待连接的网络连接数。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000 
##表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量，如果超过这个数字，TIME_WAIT套接字将立刻被清除并打印警告信息。
vm.max_map_count=655360


fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
'>/etc/sysctl.conf

添加系统变量
vi ~oracle/.bash_profile

export PATH
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:HOME/bin
export EDITOR=/bin/vi

#上传下载的安装包
wget -P /u01/app/oracle  http://172.16.2.130/tools/oracle/linuxx64_12201_database.zip

cd /orcl/app/oracle

#切换用户
su  oracle  
cd /u01/app/oracle  
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip 
export LANG="en_US"  
cd /u01/app/oracle/database  

#重启
reboot

oracle用户登录系统执行安装

cd /u01/app/oracle/database

./runInstaller

 

 

 

 

 

 

#出现上图画面时，新开一个命令行，切换到root用户 执行2个脚本

su root
sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh   #回车
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh  #回车

 

 

#常用命令


# 增加文件，扩展表空间
ALTER TABLESPACE USERS ADD DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;

#创建用户和表空间，并授权
create tablespace fang datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fang.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;

create user fang identified by 123456 default tablespace fang;

grant connect,resource to fang;

grant dba to fang;

#远程访问命令
sqlplus fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl

sqlplus sys/password@192.168.0.1:1521/orcl as sysdba

#修改数据库自动增长空间
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:SmartDB01.ora' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2G


导入数据
imp fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl file=./fang_2020_11_09.dmp  log=./imp_fang_new.log full=y ignore=y  statistics=none 

exp fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl file=./bj202011211.dmp full=y
 
#查看表空间大小 
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
    from dba_free_space
    group by tablespace_name;

#查询表空间剩余大小
SELECT temp_used.tablespace_name,
total - used as "Free",
total as "Total",
round(nvl(total - used, 0) * 100 / total, 3) "Free percent"
FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes_used) / 1024 / 1024 used
FROM GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER
GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_used,
(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 total
FROM dba_temp_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_total
WHERE temp_used.tablespace_name = temp_total.tablespace_name
ORDER BY B.TABLESPACE, B.SEGFILE#, B.SEGBLK#, B.BLOCKS;


alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' autoextend on next 500m maxsize unlimited;

 
drop tablespace fang including contents and datafiles cascade constraint;–删除表空间

#数据库状态
lsnrctl status

dbca 安装数据库
netca 监听器启动安装

netmgr

select * from dual;




查看数据库的并发连接数：

select count(*) from v$session where status=‘ACTIVE’;

查看当前数据库建立的会话情况：

select sid,serial#,username,program,machine,status from v$session;

查询数据库允许的最大连接数：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘processes’;

或者：show parameter processes;

修改数据库允许的最大连接数：

alter system set processes = 5000 scope = spfile;

(需要重启数据库才能实现连接数的修改)

一、停止EXP/IMP优化速度

可以直接KILL 进程,但先要KILL 父进程，然后KILL子进程，只KILL子进程，EXP/IMP还会在后台执行的

样例：ps -ef |grep imp 查询到pid，kill -9 pid 、kill -9 ppid,就可以了  一、停止EXP/IMP优化速度

可以直接KILL 进程,但先要KILL 父进程，然后KILL子进程，只KILL子进程，EXP/IMP还会在后台执行的

样例：ps -ef |grep imp 查询到pid，kill -9 pid 、kill -9 ppid,就可以了  ps -ef |grep exp

重启数据库：
shutdown immediate;
startup;