zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 完整性约束

    一、介绍

    约束条件与数据类型的宽度一样,都是可选参数

    作用:用于保证数据的完整性和一致性
    主要分为:

    PRIMARY KEY (PK)    标识该字段为该表的主键,可以唯一的标识记录
    FOREIGN KEY (FK)    标识该字段为该表的外键
    NOT NULL            标识该字段不能为空
    UNIQUE KEY (UK)     标识该字段的值是唯一的
    AUTO_INCREMENT      标识该字段的值自动增长(整数类型,而且为主键)
    DEFAULT             为该字段设置默认值
    
    UNSIGNED 无符号
    ZEROFILL 使用0填充
    

    说明:

    1. 是否允许为空,默认NULL,可设置NOT NULL,字段不允许为空,必须赋值
    2. 字段是否有默认值,缺省的默认值是NULL,如果插入记录时不给字段赋值,此字段使用默认值
      sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male'
      age int unsigned NOT NULL default 20 必须为正值(无符号) 不允许为空 默认是20
    3. 是否是key
      主键 primary key
      外键 foreign key
      索引 (index,unique...)

    二、约束关系


    一、not null与default

    是否可空,null表示空,非字符串
    not null - 不可空
    null - 可空

    默认值,创建列时可以指定默认值,当插入数据时如果未主动设置,则自动添加默认值
    create table tb1(
    id int not null defalut 2,
    num int not null
    )

    ==================not null====================
    mysql> create table t1(id int); #id字段默认可以插入空
    mysql> desc t1;
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id    | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    mysql> insert into t1 values(); #可以插入空
    
    
    mysql> create table t2(id int not null); #设置字段id不为空
    mysql> desc t2;
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id    | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    mysql> insert into t2 values(); #不能插入空
    ERROR 1364 (HY000): Field 'id' doesn't have a default value
    
    
    
    ==================default====================
    #设置id字段有默认值后,则无论id字段是null还是not null,都可以插入空,插入空默认填入default指定的默认值
    mysql> create table t3(id int default 1);
    mysql> alter table t3 modify id int not null default 1;
    
    
    ==================综合练习====================
    mysql> create table student(
        -> name varchar(20) not null,
        -> age int(3) unsigned not null default 18,
        -> sex enum('male','female') default 'male',
        -> hobby set('play','study','read','music') default 'play,music'
        -> );
    mysql> desc student;
    +-------+------------------------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
    | Field | Type                               | Null | Key | Default    | Extra |
    +-------+------------------------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
    | name  | varchar(20)                        | NO   |     | NULL       |       |
    | age   | int(3) unsigned                    | NO   |     | 18         |       |
    | sex   | enum('male','female')              | YES  |     | male       |       |
    | hobby | set('play','study','read','music') | YES  |     | play,music |       |
    +-------+------------------------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
    mysql> insert into student(name) values('egon');
    mysql> select * from student;
    +------+-----+------+------------+
    | name | age | sex  | hobby      |
    +------+-----+------+------------+
    | egon |  18 | male | play,music |
    +------+-----+------+------------+

    二、 unique

    限值key的唯一性(单列唯一和联合唯一)

    ============设置唯一约束 UNIQUE===============
    方法一:
    create table department1(
    id int,
    name varchar(20) unique,   # 单列唯一
    comment varchar(100)
    );
    
    
    方法二:
    create table department2(
    id int,
    name varchar(20),
    comment varchar(100),
    constraint uk_name unique(name)     
    );
    
    
    mysql> insert into department1 values(1,'IT','技术');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    mysql> insert into department1 values(1,'IT','技术');
    ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 'IT' for key 'name'    # name设置为唯一,有重复
    

    not null+unique的化学反应

    mysql> create table t1(id int not null unique);
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    
    mysql> desc t1;
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id    | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    row in set (0.00 sec)

    联合唯一

    create table service(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    host varchar(15) not null,
    port int not null,
    unique(host,port)    # 联合唯一
    );
    
    mysql> insert into service values
        -> (1,'nginx','192.168.0.10',80),
        -> (2,'haproxy','192.168.0.20',80),
        -> (3,'mysql','192.168.0.30',3306)
        -> ;
    Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> insert into service(name,host,port) values('nginx','192.168.0.10',80);
    ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '192.168.0.10-80' for key 'host'       # ip和port 连起来已存在(联合唯一)
    

      


    三、 primary key

    primary key字段的值不为空且唯一(not null unique)

    一个表中可以:

    单列做主键
    多列做主键(复合主键)

    一个表内只能有一个主键primary key

    对于innodb存储引擎来说,一张表必须有一个主键。

    通常字段id设置为主键

    单列做主键

    ============单列做主键===============
    #方法一:not null+unique
    create table department1(
    id int not null unique,     # 主键(主键只能有一个)从上之下第一个不为空且唯一的为主键
    name varchar(20) not null unique,  
    comment varchar(100)
    );
    
    mysql> desc department1;
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | name    | varchar(20)  | NO   | UNI | NULL    |       |
    | comment | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    #方法二:在某一个字段后用primary key
    create table department2(
    id int primary key, #主键
    name varchar(20),
    comment varchar(100)
    );
    
    mysql> desc department2;
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | name    | varchar(20)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | comment | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    #方法三:在所有字段后单独定义primary key
    create table department3(
    id int,
    name varchar(20),
    comment varchar(100),
    constraint pk_name primary key(id); # 创建主键并为其命名pk_name
    
    mysql> desc department3;
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | name    | varchar(20)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | comment | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    rows in set (0.01 sec) 

    多列做主键(复合主键)

    ==================多列做主键(复合主键)================
    create table service(
    ip varchar(15),
    port char(5),
    service_name varchar(10) not null,
    primary key(ip,port)     # 复合主键
    );
    
    
    mysql> desc service;
    +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field        | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | ip           | varchar(15) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | port         | char(5)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | service_name | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
    +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into service values
        -> ('172.16.45.10','3306','mysqld'),
        -> ('172.16.45.11','3306','mariadb')
        -> ;
    Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> insert into service values ('172.16.45.10','3306','nginx');
    ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '172.16.45.10-3306' for key 'PRIMARY'

    四、 auto_increment

    约束字段为自动增长,被约束的字段必须同时被key约束

    #不指定id,则自动增长
    create table student(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    sex enum('male','female') default 'male'
    );
    
    mysql> desc student;
    +-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | id    | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | name  | varchar(20)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | sex   | enum('male','female') | YES  |     | male    |                |
    +-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    mysql> insert into student(name) values
        -> ('egon'),
        -> ('alex')
        -> ;
    
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+------+------+
    | id | name | sex  |
    +----+------+------+
    |  1 | egon | male |
    |  2 | alex | male |
    +----+------+------+
    
    
    #也可以指定id
    mysql> insert into student values(4,'asb','female');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into student values(7,'wsb','female');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+------+--------+
    | id | name | sex    |
    +----+------+--------+
    |  1 | egon | male   |
    |  2 | alex | male   |
    |  4 | asb  | female |
    |  7 | wsb  | female |
    +----+------+--------+
    

      

    清空表:

    #对于自增的字段,在用delete删除后,再插入值,该字段仍按照删除前的位置继续增长
    mysql> delete from student;
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from student;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into student(name) values('ysb');
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+------+------+
    | id | name | sex  |
    +----+------+------+
    |  8 | ysb  | male |
    +----+------+------+
    
    #应该用truncate清空表,比起delete一条一条地删除记录,truncate是直接清空表。
    delete通常与where语句搭配使用,删除固定范围。
    mysql> truncate student;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into student(name) values('egon');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+------+------+
    | id | name | sex  |
    +----+------+------+
    |  1 | egon | male |
    +----+------+------+
    row in set (0.00 sec)

    delete from t1; #如果有自增id,新增的数据,仍然是以删除前的最后一样作为起始。

    truncate table t1;数据量大,删除速度比上一条快,且直接从零开始,

    了解知识

    步长:auto_increment_increment
    起始偏移量:auto_increment_offset

    #在创建完表后,修改自增字段的起始值
    mysql> create table student(
        -> id int primary key auto_increment,
        -> name varchar(20),
        -> sex enum('male','female') default 'male'
        -> );
    
    mysql> alter table student auto_increment=3;
    
    mysql> show create table student;
    .......
    ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    
    mysql> insert into student(name) values('egon');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+------+------+
    | id | name | sex  |
    +----+------+------+
    |  3 | egon | male |
    +----+------+------+
    row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show create table student;
    .......
    ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    
    
    #也可以创建表时指定auto_increment的初始值,注意初始值的设置为表选项,应该放到括号外
    create table student(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    sex enum('male','female') default 'male'
    )auto_increment=3;
    
    
    #设置步长
    sqlserver:自增步长
        基于表级别
        create table t1(
            id int。。。
        )engine=innodb,auto_increment=2 步长=2 default charset=utf8
    
    mysql自增的步长:
        show session variables like 'auto_inc%';   %代表任意个数,任意字符
    
      
    
        #基于会话级别
        set session auth_increment_increment=2 #修改会话级别的步长
    
        #基于全局级别的
        set global auth_increment_increment=2 #修改全局级别的步长(所有会话都生效)
    
    
    #!!!注意了注意了注意了!!!
    If the value of auto_increment_offset is greater than that of auto_increment_increment, the value of auto_increment_offset is ignored. 
    翻译:如果auto_increment_offset的值大于auto_increment_increment的值,则auto_increment_offset的值会被忽略 
    比如:设置auto_increment_offset=3,auto_increment_increment=2
    
    
    
    mysql> set global auto_increment_increment=5;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> set global auto_increment_offset=3;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show variables like 'auto_incre%'; #需要退出重新登录
    设置后要重新登陆一次才有效
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name            | Value |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | auto_increment_increment | 1     |
    | auto_increment_offset    | 1     |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    
    
    
    create table student(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    sex enum('male','female') default 'male'
    );
    
    mysql> insert into student(name) values('egon1'),('egon2'),('egon3');
    mysql> select * from student;
    +----+-------+------+
    | id | name  | sex  |
    +----+-------+------+
    |  3 | egon1 | male |
    |  8 | egon2 | male |
    | 13 | egon3 | male |
    +----+-------+------+

      起始偏移量一定要小于步长


    五、 foreign key

    外键,用来建立表之间的关系

    员工信息表有三个字段:工号 姓名 部门

    定义一个部门表

    然后让员工信息表关联该表,用foreign key关联

    #表类型必须是innodb存储引擎,且被关联的字段,即references指定的另外一个表的字段,必须保证唯一
    先建被关联的表,并保证被关联的字段唯一
    
    create table department(
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(20) not null
    )engine=innodb;
    
    #dpt_id外键,关联父表(department主键id),同步更新,同步删除
    再建关联的表
    create table employee(
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(20) not null,
    dpt_id int,
    constraint fk_name foreign key(dpt_id)
    references department(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade 
    )engine=innodb;
    
    
    #先往父表department中插入记录(先往被关联表中插入记录,再往关联表中插入)
    insert into department values
    (1,'欧德博爱技术有限事业部'),
    (2,'艾利克斯人力资源部'),
    (3,'销售部');
    
    
    #再往子表employee中插入记录
    insert into employee values
    (1,'egon',1),
    (2,'alex1',2),
    (3,'alex2',2),
    (4,'alex3',2),
    (5,'李坦克',3),
    (6,'刘飞机',3),
    (7,'张火箭',3),
    (8,'林子弹',3),
    (9,'加特林',3)
    ;
    
    
    #删父表department,子表employee中对应的记录跟着删
    mysql> delete from department where id=3;
    mysql> select * from employee;
    +----+-------+--------+
    | id | name  | dpt_id |
    +----+-------+--------+
    |  1 | egon  |      1 |
    |  2 | alex1 |      2 |
    |  3 | alex2 |      2 |
    |  4 | alex3 |      2 |
    +----+-------+--------+
    
    
    #更新父表department,子表employee中对应的记录跟着改
    mysql> update department set id=22222 where id=2;
    mysql> select * from employee;
    +----+-------+--------+
    | id | name  | dpt_id |
    +----+-------+--------+
    |  1 | egon  |      1 |
    |  3 | alex2 |  22222 |
    |  4 | alex3 |  22222 |
    |  5 | alex1 |  22222 |
    +----+-------+--------+
    

      


    三 两张表之间的关系

    一,如何找出两张表之间的关系

    分析步骤:
    #1、先站在左表的角度去找
    是否左表的多条记录可以对应右表的一条记录,如果是,则证明左表的一个字段foreign key 右表一个字段(通常是id)
    
    #2、再站在右表的角度去找
    是否右表的多条记录可以对应左表的一条记录,如果是,则证明右表的一个字段foreign key 左表一个字段(通常是id)
    
    #3、总结:
    #多对一:
    如果只有步骤1成立,则是左表多对一右表
    如果只有步骤2成立,则是右表多对一左表
    
    #多对多
    如果步骤1和2同时成立,则证明这两张表时一个双向的多对一,即多对多,需要定义一个这两张表的关系表来专门存放二者的关系
    
    #一对一:
    如果1和2都不成立,而是左表的一条记录唯一对应右表的一条记录,反之亦然。这种情况很简单,就是在左表foreign key右表的基础上,将左表的外键字段设置成unique即可
    

    二 建立表之间的关系

    #一对多或称为多对一
    三张表:出版社,作者信息,书
    
    一对多(或多对一):一个出版社可以出版多本书
    
    关联方式:foreign key
    
    =====================多对一=====================
    create table press(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
    );
    
    create table book(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    press_id int not null,
    foreign key(press_id) references press(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
    );
    
    
    insert into press(name) values
    ('北京工业地雷出版社'),
    ('人民音乐不好听出版社'),
    ('知识产权没有用出版社')
    ;
    
    insert into book(name,press_id) values
    ('九阳神功',1),
    ('九阴真经',2),
    ('九阴白骨爪',2),
    ('独孤九剑',3),
    ('降龙十巴掌',2),
    ('葵花宝典',3)
    ;

    多对多


    #多对多 三张表:出版社,作者信息,书 多对多:一个作者可以写多本书,一本书也可以有多个作者,双向的一对多,即多对多    关联方式:foreign key+一张新的表
    =====================多对多=====================
    create table author(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
    );
    
    
    #这张表就存放作者表与书表的关系,即查询二者的关系查这表就可以了
    create table author2book(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    author_id int not null,
    book_id int not null,
    constraint fk_author foreign key(author_id) references author(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade,
    constraint fk_book foreign key(book_id) references book(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade,
    primary key(author_id,book_id)
    );
    
    
    #插入四个作者,id依次排开
    insert into author(name) values('egon'),('alex'),('yuanhao'),('wpq');
    
    #每个作者与自己的代表作如下
    egon: 
    九阳神功
    九阴真经
    九阴白骨爪
    独孤九剑
    降龙十巴掌
    葵花宝典
    alex: 
    九阳神功
    葵花宝典
    yuanhao:
    独孤九剑
    降龙十巴掌
    葵花宝典
    wpq:
    九阳神功
    
    
    insert into author2book(author_id,book_id) values
    (1,1),
    (1,2),
    (1,3),
    (1,4),
    (1,5),
    (1,6),
    (2,1),
    (2,6),
    (3,4),
    (3,5),
    (3,6),
    (4,1)
    ;
    
    单张表:用户表+相亲关系表,相当于:用户表+相亲关系表+用户表
    多张表:用户表+用户与主机关系表+主机表
    
    中间那一张存放关系的表,对外关联的字段可以联合唯一
    

    一对一

    #一对一
    两张表:学生表和客户表
    
    一对一:一个学生是一个客户,一个客户有可能变成一个学校,即一对一的关系
    
    关联方式:foreign key+unique
    
    #一定是student来foreign key表customer,这样就保证了:
    #1 学生一定是一个客户,
    #2 客户不一定是学生,但有可能成为一个学生
    
    
    create table customer(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20) not null,
    qq varchar(10) not null,
    phone char(16) not null
    );
    
    
    create table student(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    class_name varchar(20) not null,
    customer_id int unique, #该字段一定要是唯一的
    foreign key(customer_id) references customer(id) #外键的字段一定要保证unique
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
    );
    
    
    #增加客户
    insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values
    ('李飞机','31811231',13811341220),
    ('王大炮','123123123',15213146809),
    ('守榴弹','283818181',1867141331),
    ('吴坦克','283818181',1851143312),
    ('赢火箭','888818181',1861243314),
    ('战地雷','112312312',18811431230)
    ;
    
    
    #增加学生
    insert into student(class_name,customer_id) values
    ('脱产3班',3),
    ('周末19期',4),
    ('周末19期',5)
    ;
    

     

    例一:一个用户只有一个博客
    
        用户表:
        id  name
       egon
       alex
       wupeiqi
    
    
        博客表   
               fk+unique
        id url name_id
     xxxx   1
     yyyy   3
     zzz    2
    
    
    
    例二:一个管理员唯一对应一个用户
        用户表:
        id user  password
     egon    xxxx
     alex    yyyy
    
        管理员表:
           fk+unique
        id user_id password
      1      xxxxx
      2      yyyyy
    

      


    练习

    账号信息表,用户组,主机表,主机组

    #用户表
    create table user(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    username varchar(20) not null,
    password varchar(50) not null,
    primary key(username,password)
    );
    
    insert into user(username,password) values
    ('root','123'),
    ('egon','456'),
    ('alex','alex3714')
    ;
    
    
    #用户组表
    create table usergroup(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    groupname varchar(20) not null unique
    );
    
    insert into usergroup(groupname) values
    ('IT'),
    ('Sale'),
    ('Finance'),
    ('boss')
    ;
    
    
    #主机表
    create table host(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    ip char(15) not null unique default '127.0.0.1'
    );
    
    insert into host(ip) values
    ('172.16.45.2'),
    ('172.16.31.10'),
    ('172.16.45.3'),
    ('172.16.31.11'),
    ('172.10.45.3'),
    ('172.10.45.4'),
    ('172.10.45.5'),
    ('192.168.1.20'),
    ('192.168.1.21'),
    ('192.168.1.22'),
    ('192.168.2.23'),
    ('192.168.2.223'),
    ('192.168.2.24'),
    ('192.168.3.22'),
    ('192.168.3.23'),
    ('192.168.3.24')
    ;
    
    
    #业务线表
    create table business(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    business varchar(20) not null unique
    );
    insert into business(business) values
    ('轻松贷'),
    ('随便花'),
    ('大富翁'),
    ('穷一生')
    ;
    
    
    #建关系:user与usergroup
    
    create table user2usergroup(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    user_id int not null,
    group_id int not null,
    primary key(user_id,group_id),
    foreign key(user_id) references user(id),
    foreign key(group_id) references usergroup(id)
    );
    
    insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values
    (1,1),
    (1,2),
    (1,3),
    (1,4),
    (2,3),
    (2,4),
    (3,4)
    ;
    
    
    
    #建关系:host与business
    
    create table host2business(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    host_id int not null,
    business_id int not null,
    primary key(host_id,business_id),
    foreign key(host_id) references host(id),
    foreign key(business_id) references business(id)
    );
    
    insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values
    (1,1),
    (1,2),
    (1,3),
    (2,2),
    (2,3),
    (3,4)
    ;
    
    #建关系:user与host
    
    create table user2host(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    user_id int not null,
    host_id int not null,
    primary key(user_id,host_id),
    foreign key(user_id) references user(id),
    foreign key(host_id) references host(id)
    );
    
    insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values
    (1,1),
    (1,2),
    (1,3),
    (1,4),
    (1,5),
    (1,6),
    (1,7),
    (1,8),
    (1,9),
    (1,10),
    (1,11),
    (1,12),
    (1,13),
    (1,14),
    (1,15),
    (1,16),
    (2,2),
    (2,3),
    (2,4),
    (2,5),
    (3,10),
    (3,11),
    (3,12)
    ;
    

      


    作业

    create table class(
    cid int primary key auto_increment,
    caption varchar(5)
    );
    
    insert class(caption) values('三年二班'),('一年三班'),('三年一班'); 
    
    
    create table student(
    sid int not null unique auto_increment,
    sname char(6) not null,
    gender enum('男','女') default '男',
    class_id int not null,
    foreign key(class_id) references class(cid)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
    );
    
    insert student(sname,gender,class_id) values
    ('钢蛋','女',1),
    ('铁锤','女',1),
    ('山炮','男',2)
    ;
    
    
    create table teacher(
    tid int primary key auto_increment,
    tname char(4) not null
    );
    
    insert teacher(tname) values
    ('波多'),
    ('苍空'),
    ('饭岛'); 
    
    
    create table course(
    cid int primary key auto_increment,
    cname char(6) not null,
    teach_id int not null,
    foreign key(teach_id) references teacher(tid)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
    );
    
    insert course(cname,teach_id) values
    ('生物',1),
    ('体育',1),
    ('物理',2);
    
    
    create table score(
    sid int not null unique auto_increment,
    student_id int not null,
    corse_id int not null,
    number int unsigned,
    foreign key(student_id) references student(sid) on delete cascade on update cascade,
    foreign key(corse_id) references course(cid) on delete cascade on update cascade,
    primary key(student_id,corse_id)
    );
    
    insert score(student_id,corse_id,number) values
    (1,1,60),
    (1,2,59),
    (2,2,100);
    

      

    班级表,学生表(一对多)
    老师、课程(一对多)
    学生、课程(多对多) ---》成绩表(添加成绩)
    

      

      

  • 相关阅读:
    Delphi中WebBrowser自动填表模板
    对TMemoryStream的一些改进(用到了LockFile)
    用Delphi画圆角Panel的方法(使用CreateRoundRectRgn创造区域,SetWindowRgn显示指定区域)
    Delphi5的System.pas只有11514行
    《MFC游戏开发》笔记八 游戏特效的实现(二):粒子系统
    Delphi动态申请数组内存的方法(不使用SetLength,采用和C相似的方式)
    Delphi的类型转换 good
    New 和 GetMem 的不同之处
    XML SelectSingleNode的使用 根据节点属性获取该节点
    ADO面板上的控件简介
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fantsaymwq/p/10211714.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看