在 Master 服务器上建立用于 Slave 服务器复制数据的帐户
[root@master ~]# mysql
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'allentuns'@'192.168.2.200' identified by '1234@6@'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
113
mysql> show grants for 'allentuns'@'192.168.2.200'; #查看授权用户
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Grants for allentuns@192.168.2.200 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'allentuns'@'192.168.2.200' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*
7B8E3D52A612E2CB04E31B43FCDC20A07317E332' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在 Slave 服务器上使用授权用户连接测试
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uallentuns -p1234@6@ -h 192.168.2.100
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.12-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql
修改 Master 服务器上的 Mysqld 主配置文件
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf log-bin = master-bin #二进制日志文件 binlog_format = mixed #二进制日志文件索引 server-id = 1 #用于识别的 ID
port = 3306 #Mysql 的默认端口号 basedir = /usr/local/mysql/ #Mysql 源程序目录 datadir = /mydata/data #数据存储目录路径
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #套接字文件路径
innodb_file_per_table = 1 #每表一个文件
114
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
修改 Slave 服务器上的 Mysqld 主配置文件
[root@slave ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
#log-bin = master-bin #注释二进制日志文件，如果当其它从服务器的主服务器，否则关闭
#binlog_format = mixed #注释此行
skip_slave_start = 1 #启动服务时不自动启动从服务线程
read_only = 1 #设置 Slave 服务器为只读
server-id = 10 relay_log = relay_log relay_log_index = relay_log.index port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /mydata/data
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock innodb_file_per_table = 1
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
查看 Master 服务器的二进制日志及二进制日志事件位置用于 Slave
服务器复制
mysql> RESET MASTER; #清空二进制日志 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000003 | 120 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注释：File：表示从此日志开始复制 Position：表示从这个事件开始复制 偏移位
115
在 Slave 服务器上同步 Master 服务器上面的数据
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.2.100',
-> MASTER_USER='allentuns',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='1234@6@',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.38 sec) mysql> help change master to #获取帮助信息 Name: 'CHANGE MASTER TO'
Description: Syntax:
CHANGE MASTER TO option [, option] ... CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master2.mycompany.com', MASTER_USER='replication', MASTER_PASSWORD='bigs3cret', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='master2-bin.001', MASTER_LOG_POS=4, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;
启动 Slave 服务器的复制线程并查看状态
mysql> start slave; #启动 Slave 服务器线程 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG;
116
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.2.100 #Master 服务器地址 Master_User: allentuns #连接 Master 服务器用户名 Master_Port: 3306 #Master 服务器的监听端口 Connect_Retry: 60 #重试时间间隔
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003 #I/O 线程读取的二进制日志文件 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 #I/O 线程读取的二进制日志文件事件位置 Relay_Log_File: relay_log.000002 #SQL 线程正在读取的中继日志文件 Relay_Log_Pos: 284 #SQL 线程读取和执行的中继日志文件事件位置 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes #Slave 服务器的 IO 线程状态 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #Slave 服务器的 SQL 线程状态
Replicate_Do_DB: #下面 Replicate 开头的表示用来指明哪些库或者表在复制时不需要同步 Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0 #SQL 线程读取日志参数的错误数量 Last_Error: #SQL 线程读取日志参数的错误消息
Skip_Counter: 0 #最近被用于 SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER 的值 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 451
Until_Condition: None #所有原有中继日志的总大小 Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
117
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 #落后于 Master 服务器的时间 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 84774a86-3ee8-11e4-a268-000c29ad35d7
Master_Info_File: /mydata/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to u pdate it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0
ERROR:
No query specified
在 Slave 服务器查看启动的线程
[root@slave ~]# mysql -e "show processlist;"
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 533 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL
|
| 4 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 533 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update i t | NULL |
| 5 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
在 Master 服务器创建数据库并在 Slave 服务器上验证是否存在
###在 Master 服务器创建数据库并查看
[root@master ~]# mysql -e 'create database mydbtest;' [root@master ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;'
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydbtest |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
###在 Slave 服务器查看是否有'mydbtest'数据库
[root@slave ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;'
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydbtest | #数据库已经成功同步到 slave 服务器
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
在 Master 与 Slave 服务器查看二进制日志事件位置已更新
###查看 Master 服务器
[root@master ~]# mysql -e 'show master status;'
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
###查看 Slave 服务器
[root@slave ~]# mysql -e 'show slave statusG;' |grep 'Read_Master_Log_Pos' Read_Master_Log_Pos: 226
5.主从监控
5.1Linux 系统 sendmail 发邮件到 139 外部邮箱
1、安装 sendmail 和 mailx
# yum -y install sendmail mailx
2、修改配置文件
# cp /etc/mail.rc /etc/mail.rc.bak
# cat >> /etc/mail.rc << EOF
set from=13260071987@139.com smtp=smtp.139.com
set smtp-auth-user=13260071987@139.com smtp-auth-password=yi15093547036 smtp- auth=login
EOF
3、重新启动服务
# service sendmail restart
4、发送测试邮件
echo "I Love You" |mail -s "邮件主题:MIS you" 13260071987@139.com
5.2 分别在从服务器(Slave)上创建登陆用户，只限定本地运行，保证安全
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to "zhengyansheng"@"127.0.0.1" identified by "passwor
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to "zhengyansheng"@"localhost" identified by "passwor d123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.3Mysql 监控脚本
#!/bin/bash
#check MySQL_Slave Status
#crontab time 00:10
MYSQLPORT=`netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|awk -F[:" "]+ '{print $4}'` MYSQLIP=`ifconfig eth1|grep "inet addr" | awk -F[:" "]+ '{print $4}'` STATUS=$(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u zhengyansheng -ppassword123 -S /tmp/mysql. sock -e "show slave statusG" | grep -i "running")
IO_env=`echo $STATUS | grep IO | awk ' {print $2}'` SQL_env=`echo $STATUS | grep SQL | awk '{print $2}'` DATA=`date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
if [ "$MYSQLPORT" == "3306" ]
then
echo "mysql is running" else
mail -s "warn!server: $MYSQLIP mysql is down" 13260071987@139.com fi
if [ "$IO_env" = "Yes" -a "$SQL_env" = "Yes" ]
then
echo "Slave is running!" else
echo "####### $DATA #########">> /mydata/check_mysql_log/check_mysql_slave.l
echo "Slave is not running!" >> /mydata/check_mysql_log/check_mysql_slave.log
echo "Slave is not running!" | mail -s "warn! $MYSQLIP MySQL Slave is not running" 1326
5.4 定时执行监控脚本
[root@slave ~]# crontab -l
*/1 * * * * root /bin/sh /mydata/check_mysql_health.sh
5.5 测试：停止 slave 进程，看是否能收到邮件
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.2.100
Master_User: allentuns
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 226
Relay_Log_File: relay_log.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 284
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: No #IO 线程已经停止 Slave_SQL_Running: No #SQL 线程已经停止 Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 226
Relay_Log_Space: 615
Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_Info_File: /mydata/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
主从半同步复制