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  • Python入门-模块1(模块导入与time模块)

    ---恢复内容开始---

    模块

    一、模块分类:

    模块分为三种:

    1、内置模块:Python自带的标准模块(可使用help('modules’)查看Python自带模块列表)

    2、第三方开源模块:可以通过pip install xxxx(或python3 -m pip install xxxx)联网安装

    3、自定义模块

    二、模块调用:

     几种常用的模块调用方式

    1、import modules

    2、from modules import xx

    3、from modules.xx.xx import xx as rename

    4、from modules.xx.xx import *

    注:模块一旦被调用,相当于执行了另外一个.py文件里的代码

    三、包

    当模块文件较多时,需要将模块进行划分。比如将相同类型的,如数据库相关的放一个文件夹中,像这种管理多个模块的文件夹,我们称之为包

    包就是文件夹,但该文件夹下必须存在一个__init__.py的文件,该文件可以为空,但必须存在。

    四、time模块

     1、导入模块:

    >>> import time
    >>> time.time()
    1523537181.252901

    2、time模块

    a  time.localtime() #将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的struct_time。secs参数未提供,则以当前时间为准。

    >>> time.localtime()
    time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=20, tm_min=48, tm_s
    ec=38, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=102, tm_isdst=0)
    索引(Inde属性(Attribute)    值(Values)
    0     tm_year(年)            比如2011 
    1     tm_mon(月)             1 - 12
    2     tm_mday(日)            1 - 31
    3     tm_hour(时)            0 - 23
    4     tm_min(分)             0 - 59
    5     tm_sec(秒)             0 - 61
    6     tm_wday(weekday)       0 - 6(0表示周日)
    7     tm_yday(一年中的第几天)1 - 366
    8     tm_isdst(是否是夏令时) 默认为-1

     b  time.time() #可以带时间戳参数 也不带。不带时以当前时间为准

    >>> time.time()
    1523537181.252901

    c  time.mktime() #将一个struct_time转化为时间戳

    >>> time.localtime()
    time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=20, tm_min=48, tm_s
    ec=38, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=102, tm_isdst=0)
    >>> a = time.localtime()
    >>> time.mktime(a)
    1523537567.0

    d  time.strftime()  #将struct_time转为格式化时间格式输出

    >>> time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    '2018-04-12 21:01:40'
    字符串转时间格式对应表
    Meaning    Notes
    %a    Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.    
    %A    Locale’s full weekday name.    
    %b    Locale’s abbreviated month name.    
    %B    Locale’s full month name.    
    %c    Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.    
    %d    Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].    
    %H    Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].    
    %I    Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].    
    %j    Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].    
    %m    Month as a decimal number [01,12].    
    %M    Minute as a decimal number [00,59].    
    %p    Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.    (1)
    %S    Second as a decimal number [00,61].    (2)
    %U    Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.    (3)
    %w    Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].    
    %W    Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.    (3)
    %x    Locale’s appropriate date representation.    
    %X    Locale’s appropriate time representation.    
    %y    Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].    
    %Y    Year with century as a decimal number.    
    %z    Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].    
    %Z    Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).    
    %%    A literal '%' character.

    e  time.strptime() #time.strftime的逆操作

    >>> time.strptime('2018-04-12 21:01:40','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=21, tm_min=1, tm_se
    c=40, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=102, tm_isdst=-1)

    f  时间戳与格式化日期转换关系图

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fany-mok/p/8735234.html
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