模块之xml模块详解

xml模块介绍

xml即可扩展标记语言，它可以用来标记数据、定义数据类型，是一种允许用户对自己的标记语言进行定义的源语言。从结构上，很像HTML超文本标记语言。但他们被设计的目的是不同的，超文本标记语言被设计用来显示数据，其焦点是数据的外观。它被设计用来传输和存储数据，其焦点是数据的内容。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

 

xml模块详解

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)
 
#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print('========>',child.tag,child.attrib,child.attrib['name'])
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag,i.attrib,i.text)
 
#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag,node.text)
#---------------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
 
#修改
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year=int(node.text)+1
    node.text=str(new_year)
    node.set('updated','yes')
    node.set('version','1.0')
tree.write('test.xml')
 
 
#删除node
for country in root.findall('country'):
   rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
   if rank > 50:
     root.remove(country)
 
tree.write('output.xml')

构建xml文档

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
def build_sitemap():
    urlset = ET.Element("urlset")   #设置一个根节点，标签为urlset
    url = ET.SubElement(urlset,"url")   #在根节点urlset下建立子节点
    loc = ET.SubElement(url,"loc")
    loc.text = "http://www/baidu.com"
    lastmod = ET.SubElement(url,"lastmod")
    lastmod.text = "2017-10-10"
    changefreq = ET.SubElement(url,"changefreq")
    changefreq.text = "daily"
    priority = ET.SubElement(url,"priority")
    priority.text = "1.0"
    tree = ET.ElementTree(urlset)
    tree.write("sitemap.xml")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    build_sitemap()