Nginx源码编译安装与负载均衡配置实践

1. 首先安装一些库

sudo yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

2. 去官网下载源码，并进行编译安装

tar -xzvf nginx-1.0.14.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.14
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \
make && make install

注

参数详解：
--prefix #nginx安装目录，默认在/usr/local/nginx
--user=nginx #运行nginx的用户
--group=nginx #运行nginx的用户组
--pid-path #pid问件位置，默认在logs目录
--lock-path #lock问件位置，默认在logs目录
--with-http_ssl_module #开启HTTP SSL模块，以支持HTTPS请求。
--with-http_dav_module #开启WebDAV扩展动作模块，可为文件和目录指定权限
--with-http_flv_module #支持对FLV文件的拖动播放
--with-http_realip_module #支持显示真实来源IP地址
--with-http_gzip_static_module #预压缩文件传前检查，防止文件被重复压缩
--with-http_stub_status_module #取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-mail #允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
--with-mail_ssl_module #允许POP3／IMAP／SMTP可以使用SSL／TLS
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.11 #指定未安装的pcre路径
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.5 #注意是未安装的zlib路径
--with-debug #允许调试日志
--http-client-body-temp-path #客户端请求临时文件路径
--http-proxy-temp-path #设置http proxy临时文件路径
--http-fastcgi-temp-path #设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
--http-uwsgi-temp-path #设置uwsgi 临时文件路径
--http-scgi-temp-path #设置scgi 临时文件路径

或者通过yum安装，首先安装EPEL on Centos 6 / RHEL 6:

rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-6.noarch.rpm

然后直接yum安装

yum install nginx

3.配置Nginx服务脚本

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

lockfile=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

# chmod +x /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx

这样，就可以通过以下方式来管理Nginx服务：
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx stop
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx restart
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx reload

4.Nignx负载均衡配置

# cd /opt/nginx/conf/
# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  nginx nginx;

worker_processes 10;

error_log  logs/error.log;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
      use epoll;
      worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;

      keepalive_timeout 120;

      tcp_nodelay on;

      upstream  192.168.203.133  {
              #ip_hash;
              server   192.168.203.134:80;
              server   192.168.203.135:80;
              server   192.168.203.136:80;
              server   192.168.203.137:80;
      }

      server
      {
              listen  80;
              server_name  192.168.203.133;

              location / {
                       proxy_pass        http://192.168.203.133;
                       proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
                       proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
                       proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
              }

              log_format  192_168_203_133  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
                                '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                                '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
              access_log  /opt/nginx/logs/cluster.log 192_168_203_133;
      }
}

启动Nginx服务
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start

通过浏览器直接访问http://192.168.203.133，可以发现，在多次刷新之后，请求会随机分配到后端的Web服务器上。