Linux下实现免交互登陆一般有两种:
1. SSH无密码认证方式
客户端使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对,将公钥复制到服务端(authorized_keys),SSH提供公钥登陆,当SSH访问服务端时,服务端先在本机寻找客户端的公钥,然后把客户端发来的公钥进行比较,如果一致,则用公钥加密给客户端,客户端再用私钥进行解密,实现加密所有传输的数据。
1>.在客户机上创建密钥对
# ssh-keygen -t rsa #一路回车
2>.登陆ssh服务器,创建.ssh目录及设置权限
# mkdir /root/.ssh
# chmod 700 /root/.ssh
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication
yes
#这三行取消注释,开启密钥对验证
PubkeyAuthentication
yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .
ssh
/authorized_keys
PasswordAuthentication no
#关闭密码验证
# service sshd restart
CentOS安装:yum install expect
Ubuntu安装:sudo apt-get install expect
1>.免交互登陆,查看远程主机磁盘分区
#!/usr/bin/expect
set
ip 192.168.1.156
set
pass 123.com
set
timeout 30
spawn
ssh
root@$ip
expect {
"(yes/no)"
{send
"yes
"
; exp_continue}
"password:"
{send
"$pass
"
}
}
expect
"root@*"
{send
"df -h
"
}
expect
"root@*"
{send
"exit
"
}
expect eof
# interact
#!/bin/bash
user=root
pass=
'123'
ip=
'192.168.1.154'
/usr/bin/expect
<< EOF
set
timeout 30
spawn
ssh
$user@$ip
expect {
"(yes/no)"
{send
"yes
"
; exp_continue}
"password:"
{send
"$pass
"
}
}
expect
"root@*"
{send
"df -h
"
}
expect
"root@*"
{send
"exit
"
}
expect eof
EOF
#!/bin/bash
user=root
pass=
'123'
ip=
'192.168.1.154'
expect -c "
spawn
ssh
$user@$ip
expect {
"(
yes
/no
)" {send "
yes
"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$pass
"; exp_continue}
"root@*" {send "
df
-h
exit
"; exp_continue}
}"
# vi login.exp #免交互登陆脚本
#!/usr/bin/expect
set
ipaddress [lindex $argv 0]
set
username [lindex $argv 1]
set
password [lindex $argv 2]
if
{ $argc != 3 } {
puts
"Usage: expect login.exp ipaddress username password"
exit
1
}
set
timeout 30
spawn
ssh
$username@$ipaddress
expect {
"(yes/no)"
{send
"yes
"
; exp_continue}
"password:"
{send
"$password
"
}
}
expect
"$username@*"
{send
"df -h
"
}
expect
"$username@*"
{send
"exit
"
}
expect eof
# vi user_info #用户信息文件
192.168.1.156 user user
192.168.1.154 root 123.com
# vi expect.sh #读取用户信息并赋值到变量
#!/bin/bash
for
ip
in
`
awk
'{print $1}'
user_info`
do
user=`
awk
-
v
I=
"$ip"
'{if(I==$1)print $2}'
user_info`
pass=`
awk
-
v
I=
"$ip"
'{if(I==$1)print $3}'
user_info`
expect login.exp $ip $user $pass
done
参数说明:
set:可以设置超时,也可以设置变量
timeout:expect超时等待时间,默认10S
spawn:执行一个命令
expect "":匹配输出的内容
exp_continue:继续执行下面匹配
:可以理解为回车
$argc:统计位置参数数量
[lindex $argv 0]:脚本后第一个参数,类似于shell中$1,以此类推
puts:打印字符串,类似于echo
awk -v I="$ip":赋值变量
expect{...}:输入多行记录
其他参数说明:
imeout -1:永不超时退出
log_file /var/log/expect.log:记录交互信息,一般crontab时使用
interact:交互后不退出远程终端,如果加要把expect "root@*" {send "exit "}注释掉,如果不加,就直接退出
将spawn ssh root@$ip换成spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@ip既不会再提示是否将服务器计算机密钥加入本地known_hosts