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  • windows 7 下安装VMWARE 和 red-hat 7 64bit

    按F2 进入BIOS:

    在inter virtualization technology 选择YES

    就可以安装linux 64bit 操作系统了

    https://blog.csdn.net/coco2d_x2014/article/details/54587134

    https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/86112f135e584a273697876b.html、

    https://blog.csdn.net/lingdaz/article/details/40542537

    yum 运行时提示There was a problem importing one of the Python modules required to run yum. The error lead

    图形化界面点击 网卡标志,启动网卡

    或者

    ifup eth0

    [root@pythontest ~]# service iptables stop
    [root@pythontest ~]# chkconfig iptables off

    #####

    https://blog.csdn.net/yxc2959/article/details/79097470

    记一次Red Hat Linux手动搭建本地Yum仓库

    *感谢原作者的分享,这里主要是记录我操作的一些过程,我刚开始学习,所以如果有看到描述不太对的内容,麻烦评论告诉下我,鞠躬感谢啦~

    (1)挂载光盘到mnt目录下

    [root@QCTest ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

    mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

    [root@QCTest ~]# ls /mnt

    (2)在根目录下创建新文件夹QCTest_repo,将/mnt目录中Packages文件夹拷贝到新建的文件夹中

    [root@QCTest ~]# cd /

    [root@QCTest /]# mkdir QCTest_repo    创建新文件夹QCTest_repo

    [root@QCTest /]# cd /mnt

    [root@QCTest mnt]#cp -rv Packages /QCTest_repo     将光盘中Packages文件夹拷贝到新建的文件夹中(cp -r:递归复制目录及其子目录内的所有内容;-v: 详细显示命令执行的操作)

    (3)安装必要工具包:包拷贝完成之后需要构建yum使用的数据库,以xml文件形式存在,该数据库会对所有包进行分类建立索引,方便yum程序快速搜索安装包和检查包之间的依赖关系。但创建数据库要用到一个工具包createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm,默认是没有的,先要对它进行安装

    [root@QCTest mnt]# cd  /QCTest_repo/Packages

    [root@QCTest Packages]#  rpm -ivh createrepo-*                (*为通配符)

    回车运行后会提示,安装这个包需要一个python-deltarpm的依赖关系包,加上去再次运行

    [root@QCTest Packages]#  rpm -ivh createrepo-*  python-del*

    回车运行后会提示python-deltarpm这个包也存在一个deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6的依赖关系包,加上去再次运行

    [root@QCTest Packages]#  rpm -ivh createrepo-* python-del* deltarpm-*

    这次就会安装成功了。

    (4)创建yum数据库:安装完成后,就可使用createrepo进行创建yum数据库。创建之前注意在原光盘里面repodata文件夹下,即/mnt/repodata目录下有一个末尾为comps.xml的分类文件(系统版本不一样,实际情况也不太一样,本机显示的是如下图cda开头comps-rhel6-Server.xml结尾)也要一并拷贝过来并重建。

    [root@QCTest Packages]# createrepo -g /mnt/repodata/*comps-rhel6-Server.xml /QCTest_repo/Pack*

     or

    createrepo -g /media/"RHEL-6.8 Server.x86_64"/repodata/*64.xml /QCTest_repo/Pack*

    运行完成后,在/QCTest_repo/Packages目录下就会生成一个repodata的文件夹,里面存放着yum工作所需要的索引仓库,保存了所有的软件包索引信息。当使用yum进行安装时,会直接读取这些索引信息,而不必去逐一扫描软件包。

    (5)创建yum配置文件:单独创建自己的配置文件。进入yum.repos.d文件夹,创建QCTest.repo文件并进行编辑。文件名随意起,但需要.repo结尾。

    [root@QCTest Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

    [root@QCTest yum.repos.d]# vi QCTest.repo        在这个目录下新建QCTest.repo文件,并打开编辑,编辑内容如下

    [repo] 为yum仓库名字,可任意起;

    name=myrepo为详细名字,可任意起;

    baseurl=file:///QCTest_repo/Packages/    baseurl为关键字,file://告诉yum为本地仓库,/QCTest_repo/Packages/为绝对路径;

    gpgcheck=0 关闭rpm包的gpg校验功能。如果个人环境,建议关闭,参数值为0,如果生产环境,建议打开,参数值为1。
    输入以上内容后,保存并退出。

    (6)清除yum缓存,并重新加载

    [root@QCTest yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

    [root@QCTest yum.repos.d]# yum repolist

    现在就可以通过yum进行安装软件包,程序将自动解决包依赖的问题。

    [root@QCTest ~]# yum  install vnc-server


    ---------------------
    作者:等晨光破晓
    来源:CSDN
    原文:https://blog.csdn.net/yxc2959/article/details/79097470
    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

    ############## linux 虚拟机扩充磁盘空间

    https://my.oschina.net/u/876354/blog/967848

    最近在VMware虚拟机上使用Centos,用着用着,发现虚拟机的磁盘空间不够了。通过以下步骤成功扩展了根目录的磁盘空间

    1、Centos 关机,选择编辑虚拟机设置,硬盘,在实用工具那里选择“扩展”

    填写扩展的磁盘容量

    点击扩展后,VMware会提示磁盘已成功扩展。您必须从客户机操作系统内部对磁盘重新进行分区和扩展文件系统。也就是说,这里扩展的磁盘空间,在操作系统里面还不可用,还没生效,需要在操作系统里面进行设置后才能使用。

    2、启动客户机操作系统Centos,查看磁盘情况

    输入指令

    fdisk -l

    显示结果如下

    Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000c8278
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    其中,可以看到现在的分区情况如下

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

    3、创建分区 sda3

    输入指令

    fdisk /dev/sda

    然后根据命令提示创建分区,具体见以下 # 后面的注释

    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It s strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help): n   # 输入 n 表示创建新分区
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 3   # 输入 3 表示sda3,因为前面已经有两个了
    First cylinder (1306-4568, default 1306):     # 回车,按默认值
    Using default value 1306
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1306-4568, default 4568):   # 回车,按默认值
    Using default value 4568
    
    Command (m for help): w     # 输入 w 保存退出 
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    
    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
    The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
    the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
    Syncing disks.

    再次查看分区情况

    fdisk -l

    这时可以看到

    Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000c8278
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sda3            1306        4568    26206700   83  Linux
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    其中,分区已变为3个了,但这时还没挂载,还不能用

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sda3            1306        4568    26206700   83  Linux

    4、重启操作系统

    reboot

    5、格式化新分区为ext3

    输入指令

    mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3

    结果为

    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    1638400 inodes, 6551675 blocks
    327583 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    200 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    	4096000
    
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

    6、将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷,以便被LVM使用,输入指令

    lvs
    pvcreate /dev/sda3

    7、向卷组中添加物理卷来增加卷组的容量

    查看lvm组名,输入指令 df -h

    [root@test001 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root
                          8.3G  5.4G  2.5G  69% /
    tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

    其中,vg_test001 就是 根 所在的组名

    输入指令,增加卷组的容量

    vgextend vg_test001 /dev/sda3

    8、查看可扩展的空间大小

    输入指令,显示LNM卷组的元数据信息

    vgdisplay

    结果为

      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg_test001
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        2
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                2
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                2
      Act PV                2
      VG Size               34.50 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              8831
      Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       6397 / 24.99 GiB
      VG UUID               JuPKc8-Ydps-1bsN-0Wld-fbYS-0Hd2-NgvX1q

    其中 Free PE / Size 就是可供分配的自由空间,最多有 24.99G,在扩展时输入小于该值 

    9、扩充磁盘空间

    lvextend -L+24G /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

    10、使用e2fsck指令检查文件系统错误

    进入单用户模式  (参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34556414/article/details/78689225)
    umount /
    e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_pythontest-lv_root
    reboot

    e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

    11、使用resize2fs指令来增大或者收缩未加载的“ext2/ext3”文件系统的大小

    resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

    12、查看扩展空间后的结果

    [root@test001 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root
                           32G  5.4G   26G  18% /
    tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

    可以看出,在根目录下磁盘空间已经扩容了,大功告成!

    ##############

    https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/4ae03de3fa2ae93eff9e6bb0.html

    怎么解决VMware“该虚拟机似乎正在使用中”问题

    ###网络配置,windows 与 linux 互联

    https://blog.csdn.net/damishidai15/article/details/81368025

    -》 网关配置

    Vmnet1  局域网

    Vmnet8 NAT 外部internet访问

    192.168.61.1

    1. 调整vmnet 8 属性

    NAT 网路 192.168.0.0 ( 原来192.168.61.0 )

    勾选DHCP start/end ip服务 192.168.0.2 ~ 192.168.0.254       (原来192.168.61.128 ~ 192.168.61.254 )

    NAT SETTING: 192.168.0.1        ( 原来192.168.61.2 )

    -》linux 配置

    虚拟机新建一个网卡eth2

    Setup 新建一个网卡

    linux下的网络参数配置 
    打开如下文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2将里面的参数设置为:

    DEVICE="eth2"

    ONBOOT=yes

    BOOTPROTO="static"

    HWADDR="00:0C:29:AD:E5:3A"

    ONBOOT="yes"

    IPADDR=192.168.0.10

    NETMASK=255.255.255.0

    GATEWAY=192.168.0.1

    ---------------------

    source ifcfg-eth2

     /etc/init.d/network restart

    /etc/init.d/NetworkManager  restart

    https://blog.csdn.net/longlong3207/article/details/78413939

    https://blog.csdn.net/damishidai15/article/details/81368025

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/feiyun8616/p/9870390.html
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