软件开发的抽象：
1、计算机的抽象；计算机硬件的抽象；操作系统是个中介；
2、语言和设计的抽象；
3、编程思想的抽象；
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstractions may also refer to vehicles, features, or rules of computational systems or programming languages that carry or utilize features of or abstraction itself, such as:
- the process or feature of using data types to perform data abstraction to decouple usage of from working representations of data structures within programs;[6]
- the concept of procedures, functions, or subroutines which represent a specific way of abstracting of control flow in programs;
- the rules commonly named "abstraction" that generalize expressions using free and bound variables in the various versions of the lambda calculus;[7][8]
- the usage of S-expressions as an abstraction of data structures and programs in the Lisp programming language;[9]
- the process of reorganizing common behavior from non-abstract classes into "abstract classes" using inheritance to abstract over sub-classes as seen in the object-oriented C++ and Java programming languages.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)