过滤器：网络通信模型的会话层控制；
拦截器：事务处理的aop注入（生命周期监控）。
对于Servlet Filter，官方文档中说的很好， 并且给出了常见的应用场景。
A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the request to a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response from a resource, or both. Filters perform filtering in the doFilter method. Every Filter has access to a FilterConfig object from which it can obtain its initialization parameters, and a reference to the ServletContext which it can use, for example, to load resources needed for filtering tasks.
Filters are configured in the deployment descriptor of a web application.
Examples that have been identified for this design are:
- Authentication Filters
- Logging and Auditing Filters
- Image conversion Filters
- Data compression Filters
- Encryption Filters
- Tokenizing Filters
- Filters that trigger resource access events
- XSL/T filters
- Mime-type chain Filter
过滤器和拦截器的执行顺序
https://www.bbsmax.com/A/QW5Y046GJm/
https://my.oschina.net/zdtdtel/blog/3025880