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  • Masonry1.0.2 源码解析

    在了解Masonry框架之前,有必要先了解一下自动布局的概念。在iOS6之前,UI布局的方式是通过frame属性和Autoresizing来完成的,而在iOS6之后,苹果公司推出了AutoLayout的布局方式,它是一种基于约束性的、描述性的布局系统,尤其是苹果的手机屏幕尺寸变多之后,AutoLayout的应用也越来越广泛。

    但是,手写AutoLayout布局代码是十分繁琐的工作(不熟悉的话,可以找资料体验一下,保证让你爽到想哭,^_^);鉴于此,苹果又开发了VFL的布局方式,虽然简化了许多,但是依然需要手写很多代码;如果,你希望不要手写代码,那么可以用xib来布局UI,可以图形化添加约束,只是xib的方式不太适合多人协作开发。综合以上的各种问题,Masonry出现了,这是一款轻量级的布局框架,采用闭包、链式编程的技术,通过封装系统的NSLayoutConstraints,最大程度地简化了UI布局工作。

    本文主要分析一下Masonry的源码结构、布局方式和实现原理等等。

    框架结构

    Masonry框架的源码其实并不复杂,利用自己的描述语言,采用优雅的链式语法,使得自动布局方法简洁明了,并且同时支持iOSMacOS两个系统。Masonry框架的核心就是MASConstraintMaker类,它是一个工厂类,根据约束的类型会创建不同的约束对象;单个约束会创建MASViewConstraint对象,而多个约束则会创建MAXCompositeConstraint对象,然后再把约束统一添加到视图上面。

    图1

    布局方式

    Masonry的布局方式比较灵活,有mas_makeConstraints(创建布局)、mas_updateConstraints(更新布局)、mas_remakeConstraints(重新创建布局)三种:

    1.mas_makeConstraints:

    给视图(视图本身或父视图)添加新的约束

    // 给view1添加约束,frame和superView一样
    [view1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.edges.equalTo(superview);
    }];
    

    2.mas_updateConstraints:

    更新视图的约束,从视图中查找相同的约束,如果找到,就更新,会设置makerupdateExistingYES

    // 更新view1的上边距离superView为60,宽度为100
    [view1 mas_updateConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.equalTo(@60);
        make.width.equalTo(@100);
    }];
    

    3.mas_remakeConstraints:

    给视图添加约束,如果视图之前已经添加了约束,则会删除之前的约束,会设置makerremoveExistingYES

    // 重新设置view1的约束为:顶部距离父视图为300,左边距离父视图为100,宽为100,高为50
    [view1 mas_remakeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.equalTo(superview).offset(300);
        make.left.equalTo(superview).offset(100);
        make.width.equalTo(@100);
        make.height.equalTo(@50);
    }];
    

    Masonry的布局相对关系也有三种:.equalTo(==)、.lessThanOrEqualTo(<=)、.greaterThanOrEqualTo(>=)。

    Masonry的布局关系的参数也有三种:

    1. @100 --> 表示指定具体值

    2. view --> 表示参考视图的相同约束属性,如view1的left参考view2的left等

    3. view.mas_left --> 表示参考视图的特定约束属性,如view1的left参考view2的right等

    实现原理

    Masonry是利用闭包和链式编程的技术实现简化操作的,所以需要对闭包和链式编程有一定的基础。下面会根据案例来具体分析一下Masonry的实现细节,代码实现的功能是设置view1frameCGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100);其中,mas_equalTo(...)是宏,会被替换成equalTo(MASBoxValue((...))),功能是把基本类型包装成对象类型:

    [view1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.left.top.equalTo(@100);
        make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(50, 50));
    }];
    

    1.创建maker

    首先调用mas_makeConstraints:,这是一个UIView的分类方法,参数是一个设置约束的block,会把调用视图作为参数创业一个maker

    // View+MASAdditions.h
    - (NSArray *)mas_makeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *))block {
        self.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
        // 创建maker,并保存调用该方法的视图view
        MASConstraintMaker *constraintMaker = [[MASConstraintMaker alloc] initWithView:self];
        block(constraintMaker);
        return [constraintMaker install];
    }
    

    2.生成约束

    接下来,开始利用maker产生约束,即调用block(constraintMaker)

    2.1 设置坐标x

    make.left
    

    调用过程:

    // MASConstraintMaker.h
    - (MASConstraint *)left {
        return [self addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft];
    }
    
    - (MASConstraint *)addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        return [self constraint:nil addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:layoutAttribute];
    }
    
    - (MASConstraint *)constraint:(MASConstraint *)constraint addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        MASViewAttribute *viewAttribute = [[MASViewAttribute alloc] initWithView:self.view layoutAttribute:layoutAttribute];
        MASViewConstraint *newConstraint = [[MASViewConstraint alloc] initWithFirstViewAttribute:viewAttribute];
        if ([constraint isKindOfClass:MASViewConstraint.class]) {
            // 传入的参数是nil,所以此处代码不会执行
            ...
        }
        if (!constraint) {
            // 设置newConstraint的代理为maker
            newConstraint.delegate = self;
            // 把约束加入到数组中
            [self.constraints addObject:newConstraint];
        }
        // 返回MASViewConstraint类型的约束对象
        return newConstraint;
    }
    

    其中,上述代码根据maker保存的view和传入的约束属性layoutAttribute创建了一个MASViewAttribute对象,然后根据viewAttribute对象创建了一个MASViewConstraint约束对象,代码如下:

    // MASViewAttribute.h
    - (id)initWithView:(MAS_VIEW *)view layoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        self = [self initWithView:view item:view layoutAttribute:layoutAttribute];
        return self;
    }
    
    - (id)initWithView:(MAS_VIEW *)view item:(id)item layoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        self = [super init];
        if (!self) return nil;
        
        // 保存视图view
        _view = view;
        _item = item;
        // 保存约束属性:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
        _layoutAttribute = layoutAttribute;
        
        return self;
    }
    
    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (id)initWithFirstViewAttribute:(MASViewAttribute *)firstViewAttribute {
        self = [super init];
        if (!self) return nil;
        
        // 保存第一个属性(封装了视图view和约束属性NSLayoutAttributeLeft)
        _firstViewAttribute = firstViewAttribute;
        self.layoutPriority = MASLayoutPriorityRequired;
        self.layoutMultiplier = 1;
        
        return self;
    }
    

    2.2 设置坐标y

    make.left.top
    

    由于make.left返回的是MASViewConstraint对象,所以调用的top应该是MASViewConstraint类中的方法(该方法继承自父类MASConstraint),调用过程如下:

    // MASConstraint.h
    - (MASConstraint *)top {
        // self是MASViewConstraint对象
        return [self addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop];
    }
    
    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (MASConstraint *)addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        NSAssert(!self.hasLayoutRelation, @"Attributes should be chained before defining the constraint relation");
    
        // self.delegate是maker对象
        return [self.delegate constraint:self addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:layoutAttribute];
    }
    
    // MASConstraintMaker.h
    - (MASConstraint *)constraint:(MASConstraint *)constraint addConstraintWithLayoutAttribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)layoutAttribute {
        MASViewAttribute *viewAttribute = [[MASViewAttribute alloc] initWithView:self.view layoutAttribute:layoutAttribute];
        MASViewConstraint *newConstraint = [[MASViewConstraint alloc] initWithFirstViewAttribute:viewAttribute];
        if ([constraint isKindOfClass:MASViewConstraint.class]) {
            // 由于参数constraint不为nil,所以进入此处执行
            //replace with composite constraint
            NSArray *children = @[constraint, newConstraint];
            // 创建约束集合对象,并把先前的约束对象和本次新创建的约束对象保存到数组中
            MASCompositeConstraint *compositeConstraint = [[MASCompositeConstraint alloc] initWithChildren:children];
            // 设置约束集合对象的代理为maker
            compositeConstraint.delegate = self;
            // 用约束集合对象替换maker中已经保存的约束对象,因为我们同一个maker设置了2个以上的约束
            [self constraint:constraint shouldBeReplacedWithConstraint:compositeConstraint];
            // 返回MASCompositeConstraint约束集合对象
            return compositeConstraint;
        }
        if (!constraint) {
            ...
        }
        return newConstraint;
    }
    

    如果一个maker添加多个约束后,就会创建MASCompositeConstraint对象,创建约束集合的过程如下:

    - (id)initWithChildren:(NSArray *)children {
        self = [super init];
        if (!self) return nil;
    
        // 保存约束数组
        _childConstraints = [children mutableCopy];
        for (MASConstraint *constraint in _childConstraints) {
            // 设置数组中所有的约束对象的代理为MASCompositeConstraint对象
            constraint.delegate = self;
        }
    
        return self;
    }
    

    在创建了MASCompositeConstraint对象后,就会更新maker中的约束数组,在最后添加约束的时候,就会是全部的约束对象,代码如下:

    - (void)constraint:(MASConstraint *)constraint shouldBeReplacedWithConstraint:(MASConstraint *)replacementConstraint {
        NSUInteger index = [self.constraints indexOfObject:constraint];
        NSAssert(index != NSNotFound, @"Could not find constraint %@", constraint);
        [self.constraints replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:replacementConstraint];
    }
    

    2.3 设置x、y的值

    make.left.top.equalTo(@100)
    

    make.left.top返回的对象是MASCompositeConstraint类型,调用过程如下:

    // MASConstraint.h
    - (MASConstraint * (^)(id))equalTo {
        return ^id(id attribute) {
            return self.equalToWithRelation(attribute, NSLayoutRelationEqual);
        };
    }
    
    // MASCompositeConstraint.h
    - (MASConstraint * (^)(id, NSLayoutRelation))equalToWithRelation {
        return ^id(id attr, NSLayoutRelation relation) {
            for (MASConstraint *constraint in self.childConstraints.copy) {
                // 遍历数组,把每个MASViewConstraint对象都调用该方法
                constraint.equalToWithRelation(attr, relation);
            }
            return self;
        };
    }
    
    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (MASConstraint * (^)(id, NSLayoutRelation))equalToWithRelation {
        return ^id(id attribute, NSLayoutRelation relation) {
            if ([attribute isKindOfClass:NSArray.class]) {
                // 由于attribute是@100的包装类型,不是数组,此处代码不会执行
                ...
            } else {
                NSAssert(!self.hasLayoutRelation || self.layoutRelation == relation && [attribute isKindOfClass:NSValue.class], @"Redefinition of constraint relation");
                // 设置约束类别为NSLayoutRelationEqual
                self.layoutRelation = relation;
                // 设置第二个属性
                self.secondViewAttribute = attribute;
                return self;
            }
        };
    }
    
    - (void)setLayoutRelation:(NSLayoutRelation)layoutRelation {
        _layoutRelation = layoutRelation;
        // 表明已经有了约束关系
        self.hasLayoutRelation = YES;
    }
    

    下面分析一下设置第二个属性secondViewAttribute的过程,因为Masonry重写了setter方法,过程如下:

    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (void)setSecondViewAttribute:(id)secondViewAttribute {
        if ([secondViewAttribute isKindOfClass:NSValue.class]) {
            // secondViewAttribute是@100类型
            [self setLayoutConstantWithValue:secondViewAttribute];
        } else if ([secondViewAttribute isKindOfClass:MAS_VIEW.class]) {
            // secondViewAttribute是视图UIView类型
            _secondViewAttribute = [[MASViewAttribute alloc] initWithView:secondViewAttribute layoutAttribute:self.firstViewAttribute.layoutAttribute];
        } else if ([secondViewAttribute isKindOfClass:MASViewAttribute.class]) {
            // secondViewAttribute是view.mas_left类型
            _secondViewAttribute = secondViewAttribute;
        } else {
            NSAssert(NO, @"attempting to add unsupported attribute: %@", secondViewAttribute);
        }
    }
    
    // MASConstraint.h   @100类型
    - (void)setLayoutConstantWithValue:(NSValue *)value {
        // 根据value的不同类型,设置不同的属性值
        if ([value isKindOfClass:NSNumber.class]) {
            self.offset = [(NSNumber *)value doubleValue];
        } else if (strcmp(value.objCType, @encode(CGPoint)) == 0) {
            CGPoint point;
            [value getValue:&point];
            self.centerOffset = point;
        } else if (strcmp(value.objCType, @encode(CGSize)) == 0) {
            CGSize size;
            [value getValue:&size];
            self.sizeOffset = size;
        } else if (strcmp(value.objCType, @encode(MASEdgeInsets)) == 0) {
            MASEdgeInsets insets;
            [value getValue:&insets];
            self.insets = insets;
        } else {
            NSAssert(NO, @"attempting to set layout constant with unsupported value: %@", value);
        }
    }
    

    由于@100NSNumber类型,所以执行self.offset来设置偏移量,代码如下:

    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (void)setOffset:(CGFloat)offset {
        // 设置layoutConstant属性值,在最后添加属性时作为方法参数传入
        self.layoutConstant = offset;
    }
    
    - (void)setLayoutConstant:(CGFloat)layoutConstant {
        _layoutConstant = layoutConstant;
    
    #if TARGET_OS_MAC && !(TARGET_OS_IPHONE || TARGET_OS_TV)
        ...
    #else
        self.layoutConstraint.constant = layoutConstant;
    #endif
    }
    

    这里有网友疑惑,因为self.layoutConstraint在上面的方法中一直是nil,设置它的constant属性是没有意义的,不知道这么写有何意义?其实,我也有同样的疑问!!!

    2.4 设置size

    另外,make.size的实现过程和上面的分析类似,有兴趣的可以自行参考,看一看具体的实现过程,在此不做分析。

    3.安装约束

    下面分析一下约束的安装过程

    [constraintMaker install]
    

    调用过程如下:

    // MASConstraintMaker.h
    - (NSArray *)install {
        if (self.removeExisting) {
            // 是remake,所以要先删除已经视图中存在的约束
            NSArray *installedConstraints = [MASViewConstraint installedConstraintsForView:self.view];
            for (MASConstraint *constraint in installedConstraints) {
                [constraint uninstall];
            }
        }
        NSArray *constraints = self.constraints.copy;
        for (MASConstraint *constraint in constraints) {
            constraint.updateExisting = self.updateExisting;
            // 添加约束
            [constraint install];
        }
        [self.constraints removeAllObjects];
        return constraints;
    }
    
    // MASViewConstraint.h
    - (void)uninstall {
        if ([self supportsActiveProperty]) {
            // 如果 self.layoutConstraint 响应了 isActive 方法并且不为空,会激活这条约束并添加到 mas_installedConstraints 数组中,最后返回
            self.layoutConstraint.active = NO;
            [self.firstViewAttribute.view.mas_installedConstraints removeObject:self];
            return;
        }
        
        [self.installedView removeConstraint:self.layoutConstraint];
        self.layoutConstraint = nil;
        self.installedView = nil;
        
        [self.firstViewAttribute.view.mas_installedConstraints removeObject:self];
    }
    

    下面分析一下install的过程:

    - (void)install {
        // 如果已经安装过约束,直接返回
        if (self.hasBeenInstalled) {
            return;
        }
        
        // 如果 self.layoutConstraint 响应了 isActive 方法并且不为空,会激活这条约束并添加到 mas_installedConstraints 数组中,最后返回
        if ([self supportsActiveProperty] && self.layoutConstraint) {
            self.layoutConstraint.active = YES;
            [self.firstViewAttribute.view.mas_installedConstraints addObject:self];
            return;
        }
        
        // 取出约束的两个视图及约束属性
        MAS_VIEW *firstLayoutItem = self.firstViewAttribute.item;
        NSLayoutAttribute firstLayoutAttribute = self.firstViewAttribute.layoutAttribute;
        MAS_VIEW *secondLayoutItem = self.secondViewAttribute.item;
        NSLayoutAttribute secondLayoutAttribute = self.secondViewAttribute.layoutAttribute;
    
        // alignment attributes must have a secondViewAttribute
        // therefore we assume that is refering to superview
        // eg make.left.equalTo(@10)
        if (!self.firstViewAttribute.isSizeAttribute && !self.secondViewAttribute) {
            // 如果第一个属性不是size属性,并且第二个属性为nil,就把第二个视图设置为view的父视图,约束属性设置为view的约束属性
            secondLayoutItem = self.firstViewAttribute.view.superview;
            secondLayoutAttribute = firstLayoutAttribute;
        }
        
        // 创建约束对象
        MASLayoutConstraint *layoutConstraint
            = [MASLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:firstLayoutItem
                                            attribute:firstLayoutAttribute
                                            relatedBy:self.layoutRelation
                                               toItem:secondLayoutItem
                                            attribute:secondLayoutAttribute
                                           multiplier:self.layoutMultiplier
                                             constant:self.layoutConstant];
        
        layoutConstraint.priority = self.layoutPriority;
        layoutConstraint.mas_key = self.mas_key;
        
        if (self.secondViewAttribute.view) {
            // 如果第二个属性视图存在,就取第一个视图和第二个视图的最小父视图
            MAS_VIEW *closestCommonSuperview = [self.firstViewAttribute.view mas_closestCommonSuperview:self.secondViewAttribute.view];
            NSAssert(closestCommonSuperview,
                     @"couldn't find a common superview for %@ and %@",
                     self.firstViewAttribute.view, self.secondViewAttribute.view);
            self.installedView = closestCommonSuperview;
        } else if (self.firstViewAttribute.isSizeAttribute) {
            // 如果第一个属性是设置size的,就把第一个视图赋值给installedView
            self.installedView = self.firstViewAttribute.view;
        } else {
            // 否则就取第一个视图的父视图赋值给installedView
            self.installedView = self.firstViewAttribute.view.superview;
        }
    
    
        MASLayoutConstraint *existingConstraint = nil;
        if (self.updateExisting) {
            // 如果是更新属性,就根据layoutConstraint查看视图中是否存在该约束
            existingConstraint = [self layoutConstraintSimilarTo:layoutConstraint];
        }
        if (existingConstraint) {
            // just update the constant
            existingConstraint.constant = layoutConstraint.constant;
            self.layoutConstraint = existingConstraint;
        } else {
            [self.installedView addConstraint:layoutConstraint];
            self.layoutConstraint = layoutConstraint;
            [firstLayoutItem.mas_installedConstraints addObject:self];
        }
    }
    

    求两个视图的最小父视图的代码如下:

    - (instancetype)mas_closestCommonSuperview:(MAS_VIEW *)view {
        MAS_VIEW *closestCommonSuperview = nil;
    
        MAS_VIEW *secondViewSuperview = view;
        while (!closestCommonSuperview && secondViewSuperview) {
            MAS_VIEW *firstViewSuperview = self;
            while (!closestCommonSuperview && firstViewSuperview) {
                if (secondViewSuperview == firstViewSuperview) {
                    // 如果first和second的视图一样,就设置closestCommonSuperview,并返回
                    closestCommonSuperview = secondViewSuperview;
                }
                firstViewSuperview = firstViewSuperview.superview;
            }
            secondViewSuperview = secondViewSuperview.superview;
        }
        return closestCommonSuperview;
    }
    

    其实,上述代码是先判断firstsecond的视图是否一样,如果一样,直接返回;如果不一样,就判断fisrt的父视图和second是否一样,如果一样,就返回;不一样,继续判断first的父视图和second的父视图是否一样,如果一样,就返回;不一样,重复迭代。


    结束语

    Masonry的源码分析完结,如果文中有不足之处,希望指出,互相学习。

    参考资料

    Masonry

    Masonry 源码解析

    RAC之masonry源码深度解析

    Masonry 源码进阶

    学习AutoLayout(VFL)

    iOS开发-自动布局篇:史上最牛的自动布局教学!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fishbay/p/7402482.html
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