07_06.哈夫曼树

实数集w={2, 3, 7, 10, 4, 2, 5},构造一棵哈夫曼树

 在(2)中，存在两个权值为4的树，可以选择其中任意一个与权值为3的树合并。不同选择会导致不同的哈夫曼树，但其外部路径的长度一定相等。

from trees.prioqueue import PrioQueue  # 优先队列 （较小数优先）
from trees.linktree import levelorder  # 引入宽度优先遍历


class BinTNode:
    """二叉树结点"""

    def __init__(self, data, left=None, right=None):
        self.data = data
        self.left = left
        self.right = right


class HTNode(BinTNode):
    """哈夫曼树节点类"""

    def __le__(self, othernode):
        return self.data <= othernode.data


class HuffmanPrioQ(PrioQueue):
    """哈夫曼优先队列"""

    def number(self):
        return len(self._elems)


def HuffmanTree(weights):
    trees = HuffmanPrioQ()
    for w in weights:
        trees.enqueue(HTNode(w))
    while trees.number() > 1:
        t1 = trees.dequeue()
        t2 = trees.dequeue()
        x = t1.data + t2.data
        trees.enqueue(HTNode(x, t1, t2))
    return trees.dequeue()


wlist = [2, 3, 7, 10, 4, 2, 5]
h = HuffmanTree(wlist)
print(levelorder(h))  # 33 14 19 7 7 9 10 3 4 4 5 2 2 None