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  • Nodejs学习笔记(七)—Node.js + Express 构建网站简单示例

    前言

      上一篇学习了一些构建网站会用到的一些知识点:https://www.cnblogs.com/flyingeagle/p/9192936.html

      这一篇主要结合前面讲到的知识,去构建一个较为完整的网站应用程序,对前面学到的一些知道做一个串联加深并灵活运用!

      功能主要用MySQL数据库,包括登录、注册、主页三部分;下面就一步步开始吧!

    新建项目、建立数据库以及其它准备工作

    1.新建express + ejs 项目:sampleEjs

    cd 工作目录
    express -e sampleEjs
    cd sampleEjs && npm install

    2.创建数据库 (还第四篇数据库一致: http://www.cnblogs.com/flyingeagle/p/9192875.html

    CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nodesample CHARACTER SET UTF8;
    
    USE nodesample;
    
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `userinfo`;
    CREATE TABLE `userinfo` (
      `Id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
      `UserName` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
      `UserPass` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
      PRIMARY KEY (`Id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='用户信息表';

    3.修改package.json文件,安装session和mysql模块

    {
      "name": "sampleEjs",
      "version": "0.0.1",
      "private": true,
      "scripts": {
        "start": "node ./bin/www"
      },
      "dependencies": {
        "express": "~4.0.0",
        "static-favicon": "~1.0.0",
        "morgan": "~1.0.0",
        "cookie-parser": "~1.0.1",
        "body-parser": "~1.0.0",
        "debug": "~0.7.4",
        "ejs": "~0.8.5",
        "express-session" : "latest",
        "mysql" : "latest"
      }
    }

      然后在cmd中运行

    npm install

      安装完成后,打开app.js文件,添加如下代码

    var express = require('express');
    var path = require('path');
    var favicon = require('static-favicon');
    var logger = require('morgan');
    var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
    var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
    var session = require('express-session');
    
    ...      
    
    //这里传入了一个密钥加session id
    app.use(cookieParser('Wilson'));
    //使用靠就这个中间件
    app.use(session({ secret: 'wilson'}));
    
    ...

    4.样式和JQuery文件

      样式:  样式主要使用了bootstrap 3.0.3  https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/releases/tag/v3.0.3

      JQuery:     jquery  1.11.1           http://jquery.com/download/

      添加以上文件到项目中,目录结构如下

      

      不在bootstrap包中两个css文件样式如下:

    navbar-static-top.css

    body {
      min-height: 2000px;
    }
    
    .navbar-static-top {
      margin-bottom: 19px;
    }

    signin.css

    body {
      padding-top: 40px;
      padding-bottom: 40px;
      background-color: #eee;
    }
    
    .form-signin {
      max- 330px;
      padding: 15px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }
    .form-signin .form-signin-heading,
    .form-signin .checkbox {
      margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    .form-signin .checkbox {
      font-weight: normal;
    }
    .form-signin .form-control {
      position: relative;
      font-size: 16px;
      height: auto;
      padding: 10px;
      -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
         -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
              box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    .form-signin .form-control:focus {
      z-index: 2;
    }
    .form-signin input[type="text"] {
      margin-bottom: 10px;
      border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
      border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
    }
    .form-signin input[type="password"] {
      margin-bottom: 10px;
      border-top-left-radius: 0;
      border-top-right-radius: 0;
    }

    5.清理项目冗余文件,并添加监听

       删除自带的style.css文件

       删除routes目录下user.js文件,并在app.js中删除如下代码

    var users = require('./routes/users');
    
    ...
    
    app.use('/users', users);

        app.js文件中添加8000端口监听

    ...
    app.listen(8000);
    ...

      到这里,示例环境准备完毕!

    规划路由,并新建相关文件

    1.路由

      首页:/

      注册页:/reg

      登录页:/login

      安全退出:/logout

      (红色表示需要新建的)

    2.routes目录下新建如下文件

      reg.js

      login.js

      logout.js

    3.views目录下新建:

      header.ejs

      reg.ejs

      login.ejs

    4.打开app.js文件,添加如下代码

    ...
    
    var routes = require('./routes/index');
    var reg = require('./routes/reg');
    var login = require('./routes/login');
    var logout = require('./routes/logout');
    
    ...
    
    app.use('/', routes);
    app.use('/reg', reg);
    app.use('/login', login);
    app.use('/logout', logout);
    
    ...

    实现登录和注册需要的数据访问方法

      我们新建一个models文件夹,在其中新建user.js,实例代码如下

    var mysql = require('mysql');
    var DB_NAME = 'nodesample';
    
    var pool  = mysql.createPool({
        host     : '192.168.0.200',
        user     : 'root',
        password : 'abcd'
    });
    
    pool.on('connection', function(connection) {  
        connection.query('SET SESSION auto_increment_increment=1'); 
    });  
    
    function User(user){
        this.username = user.username;
        this.userpass = user.userpass;
    };
    module.exports = User;
    
    pool.getConnection(function(err, connection) {
    
        var useDbSql = "USE " + DB_NAME;
        connection.query(useDbSql, function (err) {
             if (err) {
                console.log("USE Error: " + err.message);
                return;
             }
             console.log('USE succeed');
        });
    
        //保存数据
        User.prototype.save = function save(callback) {
            var user = {
                username: this.username,
                userpass: this.userpass
            };
    
            var insertUser_Sql = "INSERT INTO userinfo(id,username,userpass) VALUES(0,?,?)";
    
            connection.query(insertUser_Sql, [user.username, user.userpass], function (err,result) {
                if (err) {
                    console.log("insertUser_Sql Error: " + err.message);
                    return;
                }
    
                connection.release();
    
                console.log("invoked[save]");
                callback(err,result);                     
            });       
        };
    
        //根据用户名得到用户数量
        User.getUserNumByName = function getUserNumByName(username, callback) {
    
            var getUserNumByName_Sql = "SELECT COUNT(1) AS num FROM userinfo WHERE username = ?";
    
            connection.query(getUserNumByName_Sql, [username], function (err, result) {
                if (err) {
                    console.log("getUserNumByName Error: " + err.message);
                    return;
                }
    
                connection.release();
    
                console.log("invoked[getUserNumByName]");
                callback(err,result);                     
            });        
        };
    
        //根据用户名得到用户信息
        User.getUserByUserName = function getUserNumByName(username, callback) {
    
            var getUserByUserName_Sql = "SELECT * FROM userinfo WHERE username = ?";
    
            connection.query(getUserByUserName_Sql, [username], function (err, result) {
                if (err) {
                    console.log("getUserByUserName Error: " + err.message);
                    return;
                }
    
                connection.release();
    
                console.log("invoked[getUserByUserName]");
                callback(err,result);                     
            });        
        };
     
    });

      有这三个方法,基本登录注册就够了^_^!

    注册

      1.先来布局一下HTML和CSS,加上前端验证及一些提示信息显示(reg.ejs)

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">       
        <title><%= title %></title>
      
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/bootstrap.min.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/signin.css" />
      </head>
    
      <body>
    
        <div id="container" class="container">
           <% if (locals.success) { %> 
              <div id="alt_sucess" class="alert alert-success"> 
                <%- success %> 
              </div> 
           <% } %> 
    
          <% if (locals.error) { %> 
            <div id="alt_warning" class="alert alert-warning"> 
              <%= error %> 
            </div> 
          <% } %> 
    
          <form class="form-signin" role="form" method="post">
            <h2 class="form-signin-heading">注册</h2>
    
            <input id="txtUserName" name="txtUserName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名" required autofocus />
            <input id="txtUserPwd" name="txtUserPwd" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" required/>
            <input id="txtUserRePwd"  name="txtUserRePwd" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="重复密码" required/>   
    
            <button id="btnSub" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" type="submit">注  册</button>
            <a class="btn btn-link" href="/login" role="button">登  录</a>
          </form>  
          
        </div> 
      </body>
    </html>
    
    <script src="/javascripts/jquery-1.11.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
         String.prototype.format = function (args) {
                var result = this;
                if (arguments.length > 0) {
                    if (arguments.length == 1 && typeof (args) == "object") {
                        for (var key in args) {
                            if (args[key] != undefined) {
                                var reg = new RegExp("({" + key + "})", "g");
                                result = result.replace(reg, args[key]);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                            if (arguments[i] != undefined) {
                                var reg = new RegExp("({)" + i + "(})", "g");
                                result = result.replace(reg, arguments[i]);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                return result;
        }
    
        $(function(){
            $('#btnSub').on('click',function(){
                var 
                $txtUserName = $('#txtUserName'),
                txtUserNameVal = $.trim($txtUserName.val()),            
                $txtUserPwd = $('#txtUserPwd'),
                txtUserPwdVal = $.trim($txtUserPwd.val()),
                $txtUserRePwd = $('#txtUserRePwd'),
                txtUserRePwdVal = $.trim($txtUserRePwd.val()),
                errorTip = '<div id="errorTip" class="alert alert-warning">{0}</div> ';
    
                $("#errorTip,#alt_sucess,#alt_warning").remove();
                
                if(txtUserNameVal.length == 0)
                {
                    $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('用户名不能为空'));                
                    $txtUserName.focus();
                    return false;
                }
    
                if(txtUserPwdVal.length == 0)
                {                
                    $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('密码不能为空'));
                    $txtUserPwd.focus();
                    return false;
                }
    
                if(txtUserRePwdVal.length == 0)
                {
                    $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('重复密码不能为空'));                
                    $txtUserRePwd.focus();
                    return false;
                }
    
                if(txtUserPwdVal != txtUserRePwdVal)
                {                 
                     $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('两次密码不一致'));      
                     $txtUserPwd.focus();
                     return false;
                }
    
                return true;
            })
        });
    
    </script>

      2.实现注册功能(reg.js)

    var express = require('express'),
        router = express.Router(),
        User = require('../models/user.js'),
        crypto = require('crypto'),
        TITLE_REG = '注册';
    
    router.get('/', function(req, res) {
      res.render('reg',{title:TITLE_REG});
    });
    
    router.post('/', function(req, res) {
      var userName = req.body['txtUserName'],
          userPwd = req.body['txtUserPwd'],
          userRePwd = req.body['txtUserRePwd'],      
          md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
     
          userPwd = md5.update(userPwd).digest('hex');
    
      var newUser = new User({
          username: userName,
          userpass: userPwd
      });
    
      //检查用户名是否已经存在
      User.getUserNumByName(newUser.username, function (err, results) {        
                 
          if (results != null && results[0]['num'] > 0) {
              err = '用户名已存在';
          }
    
          if (err) {
              res.locals.error = err;
              res.render('reg', { title: TITLE_REG });
              return;
          }
    
          newUser.save(function (err,result) {
              if (err) {
                  res.locals.error = err;
                  res.render('reg', { title: TITLE_REG }); 
                  return;            
              }        
    
              if(result.insertId > 0)
              {
                  res.locals.success = '注册成功,请点击   <a class="btn btn-link" href="/login" role="button"> 登录 </a>' ;
              }
              else
              {
                  res.locals.error = err;
              }
             
              res.render('reg', { title: TITLE_REG });
              });    
        });          
    });
    
    module.exports = router;

      3.运行查看效果(命令行中cd到项目根目录,运行: node app)

      运行程序后,在浏览器中输入:  http://localhost:8000/reg   ,运行后如下图

      

      前端提示如下图:

      

      注册成功后提示与检查数据库中插入数据!

      

      

      到这里,注册功能完成(比如判断用户名是否已存在等情况显示就不列举了,自已写出来运行再看!)

    登录

      1.先来布局一下HTML和CSS,加上前端验证及一些提示信息显示(login.ejs)

    login.ejs

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">       
        <title><%= title %></title>
      
      <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/bootstrap.min.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/signin.css" />
      </head>
    
      <body>
    
        <div id="container" class="container">
           <% if (locals.success) { %> 
              <div id="alt_sucess" class="alert alert-success"> 
                <%- success %> 
              </div> 
           <% } %> 
    
          <% if (locals.error) { %> 
            <div id="alt_warning" class="alert alert-warning"> 
              <%= error %> 
            </div> 
          <% } %> 
    
          <form class="form-signin" role="form" method="post">
            <h2 class="form-signin-heading">登录</h2>
            <input id="txtUserName" name="txtUserName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名" required autofocus />
                <input id="txtUserPwd" name="txtUserPwd" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" required/> 
            <label class="checkbox">
              <input name="chbRem" id="chbRem" type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> 记住密码
            </label>              
            <button id="btnSub" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" type="submit">登  录</button>
            <a class="btn btn-link" href="/reg" role="button">注  册</a>
    
          </form>
                
        </div> 
      </body>
    </html>
    
    <script src="/javascripts/jquery-1.11.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
         String.prototype.format = function (args) {
                var result = this;
                if (arguments.length > 0) {
                    if (arguments.length == 1 && typeof (args) == "object") {
                        for (var key in args) {
                            if (args[key] != undefined) {
                                var reg = new RegExp("({" + key + "})", "g");
                                result = result.replace(reg, args[key]);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                            if (arguments[i] != undefined) {
                                var reg = new RegExp("({)" + i + "(})", "g");
                                result = result.replace(reg, arguments[i]);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                return result;
        }
    
        $(function(){
            $('#btnSub').on('click',function(){           
                var 
                $txtUserName = $('#txtUserName'),
                txtUserNameVal = $.trim($txtUserName.val()),            
                $txtUserPwd = $('#txtUserPwd'),
                txtUserPwdVal = $.trim($txtUserPwd.val()),
                errorTip = '<div id="errorTip" class="alert alert-warning">{0}</div> ';  
    
                $("#errorTip,#alt_warning").remove();
                
                if(txtUserNameVal.length == 0)
                {
                    $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('用户名不能为空'));                
                    $txtUserName.focus();
                    return false;
                }
    
                if(txtUserPwdVal.length == 0)
                {                
                    $("#container").prepend(errorTip.format('密码不能为空'));
                    $txtUserPwd.focus();
                    return false;
                }
                
                return true;                
            })
        });
    
    </script>

      2.再来完成后端代码(包括保存session和cookies记录密码)

    login.js

    var express = require('express'),
        router = express.Router(),
        User = require('../models/user.js'),
        crypto = require('crypto'),
        TITLE_LOGIN = '登录';
    
    router.get('/', function(req, res) {
        res.render('login',{title:TITLE_LOGIN});
    });
    
    router.post('/', function(req, res) {
        var userName = req.body['txtUserName'],
            userPwd = req.body['txtUserPwd'],
            isRem = req.body['chbRem'],
            md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
           
        User.getUserByUserName(userName, function (err, results) {                            
            
            if(results == '')
            {
                res.locals.error = '用户不存在';
                 res.render('login',{title:TITLE_LOGIN});
                 return;
            }
    
             userPwd = md5.update(userPwd).digest('hex');
             if(results[0].UserName != userName || results[0].UserPass != userPwd)
             {
                 res.locals.error = '用户名或密码有误';
                 res.render('login',{title:TITLE_LOGIN});
                 console.log(1);
                 return;
             }
             else
             {
                 if(isRem)
                 {
                    res.cookie('islogin', userName, { maxAge: 60000 });                 
                 }
    
                 res.locals.username = userName;
                 req.session.username = res.locals.username;  
                 console.log(req.session.username);                        
                 res.redirect('/');
                 return;
             }     
        });              
    });
    
    module.exports = router;

      3.运行查看效果

      运行程序后,在浏览器中输入:  http://localhost:8000/login   ,运行后如下图

      

      提示效果如下:

      

      登录成功后,会跳转到首页,下面我们就着手把首页完成!

    首页

      首页主要为了测试登录注册的功能是否可可用,虽然首页基本没什么功能,但是我还是把它头部放到了header.ejs文件中!

      1.头部HTML和CSS

    header.ejs

    <div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">         
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Porschev - Nodejs + Express + Ejs + MySQL + Bootstrap 示例</a>
        </div>
        <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
    
            <% if (locals.username) { %> 
              <li><a href="#">        
                    <%= username %>          
              </a></li>
              <li><a href="/logout">安全退出</a></li> 
            <% } %>           
          </ul>
        </div>              
      </div>
    </div>

      2.index.ejs

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">           
          <title><%= title %></title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/bootstrap.min.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/navbar-static-top.css" />   
      </head>
      <body>
          <% include header %> 
      </body>
    </html>

      3.index.js实现(主要是cookies,session登录状态判断)

    index.js

    var express = require('express'),
        router = express.Router();
    
    router.get('/', function(req, res) {
      if(req.cookies.islogin)
      { 
             console.log('cookies:' + req.cookies.islogin);
           req.session.username = req.cookies.islogin;
      }  
    
      if(req.session.username)
      {    
              console.log('session:' + req.session.username);
            res.locals.username = req.session.username;      
      }
      else
      {
            res.redirect('/login');
            return;    
      }
    
      res.render('index',{title:'主页'});
    });
    
    module.exports = router;

      4.运行,登录后,查看效果

      登录,不勾选自动登录,运行http://localhost:8000 会自动跳到登录页

      输入正确的用户名和密码登录成功后,页面显示如下(右上角的部分显示了用户名)

      

      关闭浏览器,再次输入http://localhost:8000 ,跳转到登录页,需要重新登录!

      再次登录,勾选自动登录

      进行首页如上图;

      关闭浏览器,再次输入http://localhost:8000,不会跳转到登录页,而是直接登录了!(cookies起了作用)

      关闭浏览器,过一分钟后,再输入http://localhost:8000 ,跳转到登录页 (cookies失效)

    安全退出

      安全退出主要就是清除session(logout.js)

    logout.js

    var express = require('express'),
         router = express.Router();
    
    router.get('/', function(req, res) {
      req.session.destroy();
      res.redirect('/login');
    });
    
    module.exports = router;

      实现效果:在不是自动登录的情况下,登录后点击安全退出,不关闭浏览器,通过url再访问首页,无法直接进入,会跳转到登录页!

     写在之后

      这一篇主要是对前面所学的知识的运用,把零散的知识能真正变成能帮助你实现功能的技能!

      示例并没有过多去优化代码,有很多可优化的部分,在学习的过程中去思考提升,比如:

      1.怎么把代码写的更高效和优美

      2.如果登录验证的部分都像index.js里那么写,那页多了怎么办?

      3.像header.ejs一样的提取页面公共部分怎么才能做得更好

      ...

      提示:

      1.上面示例中我提到了“自动登录”,而我写的是“记录密码”,大家就当自动登录来用吧^_^! 

      2.关于session和cookies的实现登录和自动登录部分,示例主要为了体现运用,太懒没有去按照实际规格去完成,有过web开发经验的应该都知道怎么去做以及该存储什么信息,实在不清楚的留言或邮件给我吧!

    此系列的源代码可到http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2425085下载。 

    文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhongweiv/p/nodejs_express_webapp.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/flyingeagle/p/9192962.html
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