1.对于wait()和notify()的理解
对于wait()和notify()的理解,还是要从jdk官方文档中开始,在Object类方法中有:
void notify()
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object’s monitor.
译:唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的单个线程void notifyAll()
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object’s monitor.
译:唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的所有线程void wait( )
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the notify() method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify( ) 方法或 notifyAll( ) 方法void wait(long timeout)
Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the notify( ) method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object, or a specified amount of time has elapsed.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify() 方法或 notifyAll() 方法,或者指定的时间过完。void wait(long timeout, int nanos)
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the notify( ) method or the notifyAll( ) method for this object, or some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
译:导致当前的线程等待,直到其他线程调用此对象的notify( ) 方法或 notifyAll( ) 方法,或者其他线程打断了当前线程,或者指定的时间过完。
上面是官方文档的简介,下面我们根据官方文档总结一下:
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wait( ),notify( ),notifyAll( )都不属于Thread类,而是属于Object基础类,也就是每个对象都有wait( ),notify( ),notifyAll( ) 的功能,因为每个对象都有锁,锁是每个对象的基础,当然操作锁的方法也是最基础了。
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当需要调用以上的方法的时候,一定要对竞争资源进行加锁,如果不加锁的话,则会报 IllegalMonitorStateException 异常
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当想要调用wait( )进行线程等待时,必须要取得这个锁对象的控制权(对象监视器),一般是放到synchronized(obj)代码中。
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在while循环里而不是if语句下使用wait,这样,会在线程暂停恢复后都检查wait的条件,并在条件实际上并未改变的情况下处理唤醒通知
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调用obj.wait( )释放了obj的锁,否则其他线程也无法获得obj的锁,也就无法在synchronized(obj){ obj.notify() } 代码段内唤醒A。
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notify( )方法只会通知等待队列中的第一个相关线程(不会通知优先级比较高的线程)
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notifyAll( )通知所有等待该竞争资源的线程(也不会按照线程的优先级来执行)
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假设有三个线程执行了obj.wait( ),那么obj.notifyAll( )则能全部唤醒tread1,thread2,thread3,但是要继续执行obj.wait()的下一条语句,必须获得obj锁,因此,tread1,thread2,thread3只有一个有机会获得锁继续执行,例如tread1,其余的需要等待thread1释放obj锁之后才能继续执行。
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当调用obj.notify/notifyAll后,调用线程依旧持有obj锁,因此,thread1,thread2,thread3虽被唤醒,但是仍无法获得obj锁。直到调用线程退出synchronized块,释放obj锁后,thread1,thread2,thread3中的一个才有机会获得锁继续执行。
2.wait和notify简单使用示例
1 public class WaitNotifyTest { 2 3 // 在多线程间共享的对象上使用wait 4 private String[] shareObj = { "true" }; 5 6 public static void main(String[] args) { 7 WaitNotifyTest test = new WaitNotifyTest(); 8 ThreadWait threadWait1 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread1"); 9 threadWait1.setPriority(2); 10 ThreadWait threadWait2 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread2"); 11 threadWait2.setPriority(3); 12 ThreadWait threadWait3 = test.new ThreadWait("wait thread3"); 13 threadWait3.setPriority(4); 14 15 ThreadNotify threadNotify = test.new ThreadNotify("notify thread"); 16 17 threadNotify.start(); 18 threadWait1.start(); 19 threadWait2.start(); 20 threadWait3.start(); 21 } 22 23 class ThreadWait extends Thread { 24 25 public ThreadWait(String name){ 26 super(name); 27 } 28 29 public void run() { 30 synchronized (shareObj) { 31 while ("true".equals(shareObj[0])) { 32 System.out.println("线程"+ this.getName() + "开始等待"); 33 long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 34 try { 35 shareObj.wait(); 36 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 37 e.printStackTrace(); 38 } 39 long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 40 System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() 41 + "等待时间为:" + (endTime - startTime)); 42 } 43 } 44 System.out.println("线程" + getName() + "等待结束"); 45 } 46 } 47 48 class ThreadNotify extends Thread { 49 50 public ThreadNotify(String name){ 51 super(name); 52 } 53 54 55 public void run() { 56 try { 57 // 给等待线程等待时间 58 sleep(3000); 59 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 60 e.printStackTrace(); 61 } 62 synchronized (shareObj) { 63 System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "开始准备通知"); 64 shareObj[0] = "false"; 65 shareObj.notifyAll(); 66 System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "通知结束"); 67 } 68 System.out.println("线程" + this.getName() + "运行结束"); 69 } 70 } 71 }
运行结果:
线程wait thread1开始等待 线程wait thread3开始等待 线程wait thread2开始等待 线程notify thread开始准备通知 线程notify thread通知结束 线程notify thread运行结束 线程wait thread2等待时间为:2998 线程wait thread2等待结束 线程wait thread3等待时间为:2998 线程wait thread3等待结束 线程wait thread1等待时间为:3000 线程wait thread1等待结束