selenium处理select标签的下拉框

　　有时候我们会碰到<select></select>标签的下拉框。直接点击下拉框中的选项不一定可行。Selenium专门提供了Select类来处理下拉框。

<select id="status" class="form-control valid" onchange="" name="status">
    <option value=""></option>
    <option value="0">未审核</option>
    <option value="1">初审通过</option>
    <option value="2">复审通过</option>
    <option value="3">审核不通过</option>
</select>

Python                                             

　　先以python为例，查看Selenium代码select.py文件的实现：

　　...seleniumwebdriversupportselect.py 

class Select:

    def __init__(self, webelement):
        """
        Constructor. A check is made that the given element is, indeed, a SELECT tag. If it is not,
        then an UnexpectedTagNameException is thrown.

        :Args:
         - webelement - element SELECT element to wrap
        
        Example:
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select 

            Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)
        """
        if webelement.tag_name.lower() != "select":
            raise UnexpectedTagNameException(
                "Select only works on <select> elements, not on <%s>" % 
                webelement.tag_name)
        self._el = webelement
        multi = self._el.get_attribute("multiple")
        self.is_multiple = multi and multi != "false"

　　查看Select类的实现需要一个元素的定位。并且Example中给了例句。

　　Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)

def select_by_index(self, index):
        """Select the option at the given index. This is done by examing the "index" attribute of an
           element, and not merely by counting.

           :Args:
            - index - The option at this index will be selected 
           """
        match = str(index)
        matched = False
        for opt in self.options:
            if opt.get_attribute("index") == match:
                self._setSelected(opt)
                if not self.is_multiple:
                    return
                matched = True
        if not matched:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Could not locate element with index %d" % index)

　　继续查看select_by_index() 方法的使用并符合上面的给出的下拉框的要求，因为它要求下拉框的选项必须要有index属性，例如index=”1”。

def select_by_value(self, value):
        """Select all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given "foo" this
           would select an option like:

           <option value="foo">Bar</option>

           :Args:
            - value - The value to match against
           """
        css = "option[value =%s]" % self._escapeString(value)
        opts = self._el.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, css)
        matched = False
        for opt in opts:
            self._setSelected(opt)
            if not self.is_multiple:
                return
            matched = True
        if not matched:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Cannot locate option with value: %s" % value)

　　继续查看select_by_value() 方法符合我们的需求，它用于选取<option>标签的value值。最终，可以通过下面有实现选择下拉框的选项。

from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select

……
sel = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='status']")
Select(sel).select_by_value('0')  #未审核
Select(sel).select_by_value('1')  #初审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value('2')  #复审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value('3')  #审核不通过

Java                                                     

 　　当然，在java中的用法也类似，唯一不区别在语法层面有。

package com.jase.base;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By.ById;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class SelectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        
        WebDriver driver = new  ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://www.you_url.com");
        
        // ……
        
        Select sel = new Select(driver.findElement(ById.xpath("//select[@id='status']")));
        sel.selectByValue("0"); //未审核
        sel.selectByValue("1"); //初审通过
        sel.selectByValue("2"); //复审通过
        sel.selectByValue("3"); //审核不通过
    }
}