BBS-项目流程分析-表的创建

http://www.cnblogs.com/alice-bj/tag/Django%20-%20BBS/

https://www.cnblogs.com/venicid/p/9365019.html#_label0

1、项目流程

项目流程：

1 搞清楚需求（产品经理）

  (1) 基于用户认证组件和Ajax实现登录验证(图片验证码)

  (2) 基于forms组件和Ajax实现注册功能

  (3) 设计系统首页（文章列表渲染）

  (4) 设计个人站点页面---跨表查询，分组查询

  (5) 文章详情页

  (6) 实现文章点赞功能

  (7) 实现文章的评论
      －－－文章的评论
      －－－评论的评论

  (8) 富文本编辑框 和 防止xss攻击(防止别人提交js代码)


2 设计表结构


3 按着每一个功能分别进行开发
  

4 功能测试


5 项目部署上线

2、设计表结构

关联字段放在多的一方

2 设计表结构

            from django.contrib.auth.models import User,AbstractUser

            class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
                """
                用户信息
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
                avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="/avatars/default.png")
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)


                blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.username


            class Blog(models.Model):

                """
                博客信息表（站点表）
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
                site_name = models.CharField(verbose_name='站点名称', max_length=64)
                theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Category(models.Model):
                """
                博主个人文章分类表
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Tag(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title

            class Article(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
                desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间',auto_now_add=True)
                content = models.TextField()

                comment_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)
                up_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)
                down_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)

                user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                tags = models.ManyToManyField(
                    to="Tag",
                    through='Article2Tag',
                    through_fields=('article', 'tag'),
                )



                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Article2Tag(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                class Meta:
                    unique_together = [
                        ('article', 'tag'),
                    ]

                def __str__(self):
                    v = self.article.title + "---" + self.tag.title
                    return v


            class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
                """
                点赞表
                """

                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)

                class Meta:
                    unique_together = [
                        ('article', 'user'),
                    ]


            class Comment(models.Model):
                """

                评论表

                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

                user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
                content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)


                parent_comment=models.ForeignKey("self",null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)


                def __str__(self):
                    return self.content

  

            根评论：对文章的评论
            
            子评论：对评论的评论
            

            111
                444
                   555
            222
            333


            Comment

            nid   user_id  article_id    content      parent_comment_id(null=True)
             1      1          1            111              null
             2      2          1            222              null
             3      3          1            333              null
             4      4          1            444                1 
             5      5          1            555                4  

对表逻辑分析

（1）用户表分析

UserInfo继承AbstractUser类

之前的用户认证组件的User表是继承AbstractUser类，并且不能添加字段

from django.contrib.auth.models import User,AbstractUser

class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
                """
                用户信息
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
                avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="/avatars/default.png")
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
　　　　　　　　　　
可以扩展其他的字段：name 、age等等

                blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.username

博客信息表：

class Blog(models.Model):

                """
                博客信息表（站点表）
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
                site_name = models.CharField(verbose_name='站点名称', max_length=64)
                theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title
用户的信息字段

分类表

 class Category(models.Model):
                """
                博主个人文章分类表
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title

一个标签属于多个文章，一个文章有多个标签

分类和站点

站点和用户一对一

用户和分类一对多

 标签表

     class Tag(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)

                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title

 评论表

  class Comment(models.Model):
                """

                评论表

                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
                content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)

                parent_comment=models.ForeignKey("self",null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)#自关联，用于建立子评论


                def __str__(self):
                    return self.content

 博客系统的创建项目与数据迁移

在models.py

 from django.contrib.auth.models import User,AbstractUser

            class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
                """
                用户信息
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
                avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="/avatars/default.png")
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)


                blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.username


            class Blog(models.Model):

                """
                博客信息表（站点表）
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
                site_name = models.CharField(verbose_name='站点名称', max_length=64)
                theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Category(models.Model):
                """
                博主个人文章分类表
                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Tag(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
                blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Article(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
                desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间',auto_now_add=True)
                content = models.TextField()

                comment_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)
                up_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)
                down_count=models.IntegerField(default=0)

                user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                tags = models.ManyToManyField(
                    to="Tag",
                    through='Article2Tag',
                    through_fields=('article', 'tag'),
                )



                def __str__(self):
                    return self.title


            class Article2Tag(models.Model):
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

                class Meta:
                    unique_together = [
                        ('article', 'tag'),
                    ]

                def __str__(self):
                    v = self.article.title + "---" + self.tag.title
                    return v


            class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
                """
                点赞表
                """

                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)

                class Meta:
                    unique_together = [
                        ('article', 'user'),
                    ]


            class Comment(models.Model):
                """

                评论表

                """
                nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
                user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
                create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
                content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)


                parent_comment=models.ForeignKey("self",null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)


                def __str__(self):
                    return self.content

连接mysql数据库

开启数据库

settings.py

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'cnblog',     　　 　  # 要连接的数据库，连接前需要创建好
        'USER':'root',　　　　　　  # 连接数据库的用户名
        'PASSWORD':'123',　　　　　　  # 连接数据库的密码
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',       # 连接主机，默认本级
        'PORT'：3306    　　　     #  端口 默认3306
    }
}

AUTH_USER_MODEL='blog.UserInfo'

 

在项目名下的init添加如下代码

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

在pycharm的Terminal执行

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

mysql生成表

 

在pycharm中查看生成的表