安装与使用ansible-Centos6.5

Ansible安装与使用

安装epel源

rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum clean all

利用yum进行安装

yum install ansible -y

#出现了报错，可以发现是因为缺少依赖包
Error: Package: ansible-1.9.4-1.el6.noarch (epel)
           Requires: PyYAML
Error: Package: ansible-1.9.4-1.el6.noarch (epel)
           Requires: python-jinja2
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

下载相关依赖包PyYAML、python-jinja2

• 推荐一个自认为很好用的rpm包下载地址：RPM SEARCH

python-Jinja2-2.6-19.3.noarch.rpm 
PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh python-Jinja2-2.6-19.3.noarch.rpm 
rpm -ivh PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#继续依赖libyaml
warning: PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) is needed by PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64
rpm -ivh libyaml-0.1.4-2.3.x86_64.rpm PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

再次尝试安装,基本就可以成功

yum install ansible -y

简单测试（测试之前实现ansible主机与测试机之间的无密码登录）

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
79:fe:76:78:92:11:77:5a:63:79:da:5b:04:85:02:06 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| E.o. o.|
| . . o |
| . ..|
| . . .+=|
| S . o.Bo|
| o . o o|
| . + o|
| .= o. |
| ..+ |
+-----------------+
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.103
root@192.168.1.103's password: 
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@192.168.1.103'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.105
root@192.168.1.105's password: 
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@192.168.1.105'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren

制作hosts

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[test]
192.168.1.103
192.168.1.105

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ansible test -m shell -a "hostname"
192.168.1.105 | success | rc=0 >>
localhost.localdomain

192.168.1.103 | success | rc=0 >>
localhost.localdomain

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]

简单介绍比较常用的几个模块

1. copy模块 ：把主控端文件拷贝到到指定节点上：ansible test -m copy -a 'src=XXXX dest=XXXX'

2. file模块 :更改指定节点上文件的权限: ansible all -m file -a "dest=/tmp/t.sh mode=755 owner=root group=root"

3. cron模块 :在指定节点上定义一个计划任务: ansible all -m cron -a 'name="custom job" minute=*/3 hour=* day=* month=* weekday=* job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.254.139"'

4. group模块 :在所有节点上创建一个组: ansible all -m group -a 'gid=2014 name=nolinux'

5. user模块 :在指定节点上创建一个用户: ansible 10.1.1.113 -m user -a 'name=nolinux groups=nolinux state=present'

6. yum模块 :在指定节点上安装服务: ansible all -m yum -a "state=present name=httpd"

7. service模块 :启动指定节点上的服务，并让其开机自启动: ansible test -m service -a 'name=puppet state=restarted enabled=yes'

8. script模块 :在指定节点上执行脚本(该脚本是在ansible控制节点上的): ansible test -m script -a '/root/a.sh'

9. ping模块 :检查指定节点机器是否还能连通: ansible test -m ping

10. command模块 :在指定节点上运行命令: ansible test -m command -a 'hostname'

11. raw模块 :在节点上运行命令: ansible test -m raw-a 'hostname|tee'

12. get_url模块 :将文件下载到指定节点的/tmp目录下: ansible test -m get_url -a 'url=http://10.1.1.116/favicon.ico dest=/tmp'

13. synchronize模块:将主控方目录推送到指定节点的目录下: ansible test -m synchronize -a 'src=/root/a dest=/tmp/ compress=yes'