程序中调用系统自带应用

在程序中调用系统自带的应用，比如我进入程序的时候，希望直接调用safar来打开一个网页，下面是一个简单的使用：

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
    self.window = [[[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]] autorelease];
    self.viewController = [[[ViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"ViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];
    self.window.rootViewController = self.viewController;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
    
    //调用safar打开网页
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.cnblogs.com/foxmin"]];
////调用app store (省略号后面加的是产品的id等一些参数)
//    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms://itunes.apple.com/app/……"]];
//    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms-apps://itunes.apple.com/app/ "]];
////调用电话
//    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel://XXXXX"]];
////调用SMS
//    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"sms://XXXXX"]];
////调用Remote
//    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"remote://XXX"]];
    
    return YES;
}

查看更多iPhone应用程序的调用和第三方应用程序的调用，可以在iPhone的URL方案查看。下面列举部分：

Apple iPhone Applications

Safari

Any URL starting with http:// which does not point to maps.google.com or www.youtube.com is sent to Safari:

NSString *stringURL = @"http://wiki.akosma.com/";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Apparently feed:// opens http://reader.mac.com in Safari.

Maps

URLs starting with http://maps.google.com open up the "Maps" application automatically:

NSString *title = @"title";
float latitude = 35.4634;
float longitude = 9.43425;
int zoom = 13;
NSString *stringURL = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%@@%1.6f,%1.6f&z=%d", title, latitude, longitude, zoom];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

It seems that maps:// also opens up the Maps application.

Phone

The phone links start with "tel:" but must not contain spaces or brackets (it can contain dashes and "+" signs, though):

NSMutableString *phone = [[@"+ 12 34 567 89 01" mutableCopy] autorelease];
[phone replaceOccurrencesOfString:@" " 
                       withString:@"" 
                          options:NSLiteralSearch 
                            range:NSMakeRange(0, [phone length])];
[phone replaceOccurrencesOfString:@"(" 
                       withString:@"" 
                          options:NSLiteralSearch 
                            range:NSMakeRange(0, [phone length])];
[phone replaceOccurrencesOfString:@")" 
                       withString:@"" 
                          options:NSLiteralSearch 
                            range:NSMakeRange(0, [phone length])];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"tel:%@", phone]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

SMS

To open the SMS application, just use the sms: protocol in your URL:

NSString *stringURL = @"sms:";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

You can specify a phone number, but apparently not a default text for your message:

NSString *stringURL = @"sms:+12345678901";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

The same restrictions apply as for phone URLs, regarding spaces, brackets and dashes.

Mail

These URLs launch Mail and open the compose message controller:

NSString *stringURL = @"mailto:test@example.com";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

You can also provide more information, for a customized subject and body texts:

NSString *subject = @"Message subject";
NSString *body = @"Message body";
NSString *address = @"test1@akosma.com";
NSString *cc = @"test2@akosma.com";
NSString *path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"mailto:%@?cc=%@&subject=%@&body=%@", address, cc, subject, body];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[path stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

You might also omit some information:

NSString *subject = @"Message subject";
NSString *path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"mailto:?subject=%@", subject];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[path stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

For more complex body texts, you might want to use the CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes() function, as explained above in this page.

YouTube

URLs starting with http://www.youtube.com open up the "YouTube" application automatically:

NSString *stringURL = @"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZH30T99MaM";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

It also works with this URL (which normally brings the Flash video player used by YouTube):

NSString *stringURL = @"http://www.youtube.com/v/WZH30T99MaM";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

iTunes

To open up iTunes, use this URL:

NSString *stringURL = @"http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewAlbum?i=156093464&id=156093462&s=143441";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

App Store

Very similar to the iTunes URLs:

NSString *stringURL = @"http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=294409923&mt=8";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

iBooks

(source: http://akos.ma/aqdr)

NSString *stringURL = @"itms-books:";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

NSString *stringURL = @"itms-bookss:";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Third Party Applications

Most URL schemes in this list come from App Lookup.

AirSharing

Launch the application:

NSString *stringURL = @"airsharing://";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Alocola

Launch the application:

NSString *stringURL = @"alocola://";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Appigo Notebook

Launch the application:

NSString *stringURL = @"appigonotebook://";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Appigo Todo

Launch the application:

NSString *stringURL = @"appigotodo://";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Create a new task:

NSString *template = @"appigotodo://com.example.xyzapp/import?name=%@&note=%@&due-date=%@&priority=%@&repeat=%@";
NSString *name = @"Buy%20some%20milk";
NSString *note = @"Stop%20on%20the%20way%20home%20from%20work.";
NSString *dueDate = @"2009-07-16";
NSString *priority = @"1";
NSString *repeat = @"101";
NSString *stringURL = [NSString stringWithFormat:template, name, note, dueDate, priority, repeat];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Duo

Launch the application and pre-populate the update field with your desired Tweet/Facebook update. Optional: Provide Duo with the custom URL and return path to your app to provide the user with a button to return to your app.

NSString *appID = @"Your Apps Name";
NSString *updateInfo = @"The Tweet/Status Update";
NSString *returnScheme = @"Your Apps Return URL Scheme";
NSString *returnPath = @"Your/Apps/Return/Path";
NSString *baseURL = @"duoxx://updateFaceTwit?";
	
NSString *encodedUpdateInfo = [updateInfo stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
NSString *urlString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@BLappID=%@;BLupdateInfo=%@;BLreturnScheme=%@;BLreturnPath=%@", 
						   baseURL, appID, encodedUpdateInfo, returnScheme, returnPath];

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

The Cartographer

Launch app and add a placemark at given coordinate:

NSString *title = @"Placemark title (optional)";
NSString *summary = @"Placemark description (optional)";
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(123.0, 12.0);

title = [(id)CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(NULL, (CFStringRef)title, NULL, (CFStringRef)@";/?:@&=+$,", kCFStringEncodingUTF8) autorelease];
summary = [(id)CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(NULL, (CFStringRef)summary, NULL, (CFStringRef)@";/?:@&=+$,", kCFStringEncodingUTF8) autorelease];

NSString *cartographerURL = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"cartographer://placemark?coordinate=%lf,%lf&title=%@&summary=%@", 
         coordinate.latitude, coordinate.longitude, title, summary];

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:cartographerURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

Launch app and load either a KML source or a Google My Map:

NSString *sourceURL = @"http://....";
// e.g. http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=208320711678395936256.00046bbcfdcd1f3ebf64b&z=5

// Optional:
MKCoordinateRegion region = ...;
sourceURL = [sourceURL stringByAppendingFormat:@"&ll=%lf,%lf&spn=%lf,%lf", 
               region.center.latitude, region.center.longitude, region.span.latitudeDelta, region.span.longitudeDelta];

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[sourceURL stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"http://" withString:@"cartographer://"]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

ChatCo

NSString *stringURL = @"irc://irc.example.domain/roomName";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

NSString *stringURL = @"irc://irc.example.domain/Nickname@roomName";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

NSString *stringURL = @"irc://irc.example.domain/Nickname!Realname@roomName";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:stringURL];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];