flatbuffer介绍和用法

介绍

flatbuffer是google发布的一个跨平台序列化框架具有如下特点

1、对序列化的数据不需要打包和拆包

2、内存和效率速度高，扩展灵活

3、代码依赖较少

4、强类型设计，编译期即可完成类型检查

5、使用简单、可跨平台使用

安装

git clone git@github.com:google/flatbuffers.git
cd flatbuffers
brew install cmake
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"
make
make install
flatc --version

编写flatbuffer文件

// Example IDL file for our monster's schema.
namespace com.frank.learning;
enum Color:byte { Red = 0, Green, Blue = 2 } 
union Equipment { Weapon } // Optionally add more tables.
struct Vec3 {
  x:float;
  y:float;
  z:float;
}
table Monster {
  pos:Vec3; // Struct.
  mana:short = 150;
  hp:short = 100;
  name:string;
  friendly:bool = false (deprecated);
  inventory:[ubyte];  // Vector of scalars.
  color:Color = Blue; // Enum.
  weapons:[Weapon];   // Vector of tables.
  equipped:Equipment; // Union.
}
table Weapon {
  name:string;
  damage:short;
}
root_type Monster;

将文件保存为monster.fbs，下面进行编译

flatc --java monster.fbs

执行完后会在当前目录下生成Java文件

IntelliJ测试flatbuffer

将生成的Java代码拷到项目中，新建SampleBinary类

package com.frank.learning;

import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class SampleBinary {

    public static void  main(String[] args){

        //使用FlatBufferBuilder 完成对象序列化
        FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);

        //返回该String的偏移地址
        int weaponOneName = builder.createString("Sword");
        short weaponOneDamage = 3;
        int weaponTwoName = builder.createString("Axe");
        short weaponTwoDamage = 5;

        // 使用createWeapon创建Weapon对象，并返回该对象的偏移地址
        int sword = Weapon.createWeapon(builder, weaponOneName, weaponOneDamage);
        int axe = Weapon.createWeapon(builder, weaponTwoName, weaponTwoDamage);

        // Serialize a name for our monster, called "Orc".
        int name = builder.createString("Orc");

        // 创建一个Vector对象，并且返回它的偏移地址
        byte[] treasure = {0, 1, 13, 12, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
        int inv = Monster.createInventoryVector(builder, treasure);

        // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the `createWeaponsVector()` method to
        // create a FlatBuffer vector.
        int[] weaps = new int[2];
        weaps[0] = sword;
        weaps[1] = axe;
        // Pass the `weaps` array into the `createWeaponsVector()` method to create a FlatBuffer vector.
        int weapons = Monster.createWeaponsVector(builder, weaps);

        // startMonster声明开始创建Monster对象，使用endMonster声明完成Monster对象
        Monster.startMonster(builder);
        Monster.addPos(builder, Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
        Monster.addName(builder, name);
        Monster.addColor(builder, Color.Red);
        Monster.addHp(builder, (short)300);
        Monster.addInventory(builder, inv);
        Monster.addWeapons(builder, weapons);
        Monster.addEquippedType(builder, Equipment.Weapon);
        Monster.addEquipped(builder, axe);
        int orc = Monster.endMonster(builder);

        // 调用finish方法完成Monster对象
        builder.finish(orc); // You could also call `Monster.finishMonsterBuffer(builder, orc);`.

        // 生成二进制文件
        byte[] buf = builder.sizedByteArray();

        // 至此完成对象数据序列化


        //模拟从获取到二进制数据 进行反序列化对象
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf);

        //根据该二进制数据列生成Monster对象
        Monster monster = Monster.getRootAsMonster(buffer);

        short hp = monster.hp();
        System.out.println(hp);

        short mana = monster.mana();
        System.out.println(mana);
        String resultName = monster.name();
        System.out.println(resultName);

        Vec3 pos = monster.pos();
        float x = pos.x();
        float y = pos.y();
        float z = pos.z();
        System.out.println("X: "+x+"  Y: "+y+"  Z: "+z);

        int invLength = monster.inventoryLength();
        int thirdItem = monster.inventory(2);
        System.out.println(thirdItem);

        int weaponsLength = monster.weaponsLength();
        String secondWeaponName = monster.weapons(1).name();
        short secondWeaponDamage = monster.weapons(1).damage();
        System.out.println("weaponsLength: "+weaponsLength+"  secondWeaponName: "+secondWeaponName+"  secondWeaponDamage: "+secondWeaponDamage);
        int unionType = monster.equippedType();
        if (unionType == Equipment.Weapon) {
            Weapon weapon = (Weapon)monster.equipped(new Weapon()); // Requires explicit cast
            // to `Weapon`.
            String weaponName = weapon.name();    // "Axe"
            short weaponDamage = weapon.damage(); // 5
            System.out.println("weaponName: "+weaponName+"  weaponDamage: "+weaponDamage);
        }
    }
}

pom文件加入flatbuffer相关jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.flatbuffers</groupId>
    <artifactId>flatbuffers-java</artifactId>
    <version>1.12.0</version>
</dependency>

输出结果如下

300
150
Orc
X: 1.0  Y: 2.0  Z: 3.0
13
weaponsLength: 2  secondWeaponName: Axe  secondWeaponDamage: 5
weaponName: Axe  weaponDamage: 5

flatbuffer原理

flatbuffer将数据存在一个一维数组当中，缓存在一个bytebuffer当中。一个flatbuffer对象在数组中被分为两部分，元数据部分和数据部分。元数据负责存放相对于中间部分的索引，数据部分存放真实的value。分割的节点为（pivot point）。它的将数据以及对应的数据位置都保存在一个线性的数组中。使用的时候只需要把byte流发送出去，解析的时候只需要根据保存的位置，截取对应的数值即可。

例子：
假设我们创建了一个Person对象，它的name是John，friendshipStatus是2.那么对应图中元数据部分第一个byte是1--->从中心点处数一个位置，开始的字符就是name的值即john。第二个byte是6，从中心点数6个位置值是2.

class Person {
    String name;//john
    int friendshipStatus;//2
    Person spouse;
    List<Person>friends;
}

 从图中可以看出来，flatbuffer将索引和数据文件存在一个一位数组中通过查找，还原对象，所以不需要打包和拆包的过程相对高效。

参考学习链接

1、https://www.jianshu.com/p/8df23cd182ec

2、https://www.jianshu.com/p/fa999434776a

3、https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/flatbuffers_guide_tutorial.html