本操作的环境:
===================
deepin linux 2013(基于ubuntu)
python 2.7
Django 1.6.2
===================
创建项目与应用
#创建项目 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite5 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite5 #在项目下创建一个online应用 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py startapp online
目录结构如下:
打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件,将应用添加进去:
# Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'online', )
设计数据库
打开mysite5/online/models.py文件,添加如下内容:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=50) password = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.username
创建数据库,创建User表,用户名和密码两个字段。
下面进行数据库的同步:
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table online_user You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 输入yes/no Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'): 用户名(默认当前系统用户名) Email address: fnngj@126.com 邮箱地址 Password: 密码 Password (again): 确认密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
最后生成的 online_user 表就是我们models.py 中所创建的User类。
配置URL
打开mysite5/mysite5/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')), )
在mysite5/online/目录下创建urls.py文件:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from online import views urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'), url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'), url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'), url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'), url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'), )
http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/ 登陆页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/ 登陆页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/ 注册页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/ 登陆成功页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/ 注销
创建视图
打开mysite5/online/views.py 文件:
#coding=utf-8 from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect from django.template import RequestContext from django import forms from models import User #表单 class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100) password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) #注册 def regist(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #获得表单数据 username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #添加到数据库 User.objects.create(username= username,password=password) return HttpResponse('regist success!!') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登陆 def login(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #获取表单用户密码 username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #获取的表单数据与数据库进行比较 user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password) if user: #比较成功,跳转index response = HttpResponseRedirect('/online/index/') #将username写入浏览器cookie,失效时间为3600 response.set_cookie('username',username,3600) return response else: #比较失败,还在login return HttpResponseRedirect('/online/login/') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登陆成功 def index(req): username = req.COOKIES.get('username','') return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username}) #退出 def logout(req): response = HttpResponse('logout !!') #清理cookie里保存username response.delete_cookie('username') return response
这里实现了所有注册,登陆逻辑,中间用到cookie创建,读取,删除操作等。
创建模板
先在mysite5/online/目录下创建templates目录,接着在mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建regist.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>注册</title> </head> <body> <h1>注册页面:</h1> <form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" /> </form> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登陆</a> </body> </html>
mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建login.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>登陆</title> </head> <body> <h1>登陆页面:</h1> <form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" /> </form> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">注册</a> </body> </html>
mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建index.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1> <br> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a> </body> </html>
设置模板路径
打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件,在底部添加:
#template TEMPLATE_DIRS=( '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite5/online/templates' )
使用功能
注册
先注册用户:
注册成功,提示“regist success!!”
登陆
执行登陆操作,通过读取浏览器cookie 来获取用户名
查看cookie
登陆成功
通过点击“退出”链接退出,再次访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/ 将不会显示用户名信息。