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  • 安装linux系统后调优及安全设置

    环境说明:

    [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
    [root@server1 ~]# uname -r
    2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64

    1、更改yum源:

    mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup        <<-备份系统自带yum源
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo  <<—国内使用阿里云yum源速度比较快
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
    
    注:镜像官方网址http://mirrors.aliyun.com/
    
    如有自建yum仓可以更改成自建yum仓地址信息

    2、关闭selinux

    永久关闭(需要重启系统)
    sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    
    临时关闭(无需重启)
    setenforce 0  
    数字0表示Premissive,即给出警告提示,不会阻止操作,相当于disabled
    数字1表示Enfocing,即表示SELinux为开启状态
    
    getenforce      <<-查看selinux当前状态

    3、关闭iptables

    /etc/init.d/iptables stop          <<-关闭iptables服务
    /etc/init.d/iptables status        <<-查看iptables状态
    chkconfig iptables off              <<—开机启动关闭

    4、精简开机启动

    chkconfig|egrep -v "crond|sshd|network|rsyslog|sysstat"|awk '{print "chkconfig",$1,"off"}'|bash       <<-关闭服务
    chkconfig --list|grep 3:on       <<-检查开机启动的服务

    5、更改字符集(选做)

    cp /etc/sysconfig/i18n /etc/sysconfig/i18n.ori
    echo 'LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"'  >/etc/sysconfig/i18n 
    source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
    echo $LANG

    6、普通用户提权(mmod)

    useradd mmod
    echo 123456|passwd --stdin mmod
    cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.ori
    echo "mmod  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL " >>/etc/sudoers
    tail -1 /etc/sudoers
    visudo -c

    7、时间同步

    echo '#time sync by mmod at 2015-2-1' >>/var/spool/cron/root
    echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' >>/var/spool/cron/root
    crontab -l
    
    注:集群中有时间服务器,更改成时间服务器地址

    8、命令行安全(选配)

    设置闲置账号超时时间
    echo 'export TMOUT=300' >>/etc/profile

    命令行历史记录数 echo
    'export HISTSIZE=5' >>/etc/profile echo 'export HISTFILESIZE=5' >>/etc/profile tail -3 /etc/profile ./etc/profile

    9、加大文件描述

    echo '*               -       nofile          65535' >>/etc/security/limits.conf 
    tail -1 /etc/security/limits.conf 

    10、内核优化

    cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000    65000
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
    net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
    net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
    net.core.somaxconn = 16384
    net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
    #以下参数是对iptables防火墙的优化,防火墙不开会提示,可以忽略不理。
    net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
    EOF    
    sysctl –p       <<-配置完成后查看

    11、下载安装基础软件

    yum install lrzsz nmap tree dos2unix nc -y

    12、定时清理邮件服务临时目录垃圾文件

    centos 5版本
    find /var/spool/clientmqueue/ -type f | xargs rm -f
    
    centos 6.x版本
    find /var/spool/postfix/maildrop/ -type f | xargs rm -f
    
    写成脚本,做定时任务
    mkdir -p /server/scripts/
    echo "find /var/spool/postfix/maildrop/ -type f | xargs rm -f " > /server/scripts/del_mailfile.sh
    
    echo "00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /server/scripts/del_mailfile.sh > /dev/null  2>&1"

    13、隐藏linux版本信息显示

    [root@server1 ~]# > /etc/issue
    [root@server1 ~]# >  /etc/issue.net 
    [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/issue.net 
    [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/issue

    14、锁定关键系统文件,防止被提权篡改

    chattr +i /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab

    使用lsattr 进行查看,chattr -i进行解锁

    15、为grub菜单加密

    先利用/sbin/grub-md5-crypt 产生一个MD5密钥串,命令如下:
    [root@m01 ~]# /sbin/grub-md5-crypt 
    Password: 
    Retype password: 
    $1$SQxvZ/$AXRHUbkNy9EkDHtmoEoQS0
    
    修改grub.conf文件,命令如下:
    [root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/grub.conf 
    
    # grub.conf generated by anaconda
    #
    # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
    # NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
    #          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
    #          root (hd0,0)
    #          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3
    #          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
    #boot=/dev/sda
    default=0
    timeout=5
    splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
    hiddenmenu
    passwd --md5 $1$SQxvZ/$AXRHUbkNy9EkDHtmoEoQS0
    #注意:password要加在splashimage和title之间,否则无法生效
    title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64)
            root (hd0,0)
            kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=33ec961c-16e1-4234-bdbf-644bfdabf1eb rd_NO_LUKS  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LV

    16、禁止linux系统被ping(选配)

    echo "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all=1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    
    sysctl -p

    拓展:设置特定ip可以ping
    iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -i eth0 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT

    17、升级具有典型漏洞

    查看相关软件的版本号,命令如下:
    [root@m01 ~]# rpm -qa openssl openssh bash
    openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64
    bash-4.1.2-48.el6.x86_64
    openssh-5.3p1-122.el6.x86_64
    
    升级已知漏洞的软件版本到最新,命令如下:
    yum install openssl openssh bash -y

    18、更改ssh服务端远程登录的配置

     1 修改默认文件路径
     2 vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
     3 
     4 修改的参数
     5 port       #端口
     6 PermitEmptyPasswords   #是否允许密码为空的用户远程登录
     7 PermitRootLogin             #是否允许root登录
     8 UseDNS                        #指定sshd是否应该对远程主机名进行反向解析,以检查主机名是否与其IP地址真实对应。默认yes.建议改成no ,否则可能会导致SSH连接很慢。
     9 GSSAPIAuthentication no   #解决linux之间使用SSH远程连接慢的问题
    10 ListenAddress    #监听指定的IP地址
    11 
    12 批量操作:
    13 sed -ir '13 iPort 55666
    PermitRootLogin  no
    PermitEmptyPasswords  no
    UseDNS no
    GSSAPIAuthentication no'  /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/freeblogs/p/7789203.html
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