1,下载Git
2,安装GIt
3,config :
git config --global user.name "mxb" git config --global user.email "357670442@qq.com"
4,创建目录并且进行初始化
cd c: mkdir GitRep cd c:GitRep git init
5,创建readme.txt 并提交
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git add readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git status On branch master No commits yet Changes to be committed: (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage) new file: readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git commit -m "wrote a readme.txt" [master (root-commit) 654c826] wrote a readme.txt 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master)
6,常用操作:
$ git status On branch master Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: readme.txt no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") $ git diff readme.txt diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt index 3a94755..3c2ffbf 100644 --- a/readme.txt +++ b/readme.txt @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ Git is a version control system. -Git is free software. No newline at end of file +Git is free software. +stupid boss. No newline at end of file
7,查看提交log 和 版本回退
分别是,提交ID,提交的分支名称master,并且当前指针 HEAD 指向 master
提交作者,提交日期.
8,版本回退 git reset –hard HEAD HEAD^ HEAD~100 分别标识版本号. 或者
git reset –hard 版本号 .将版本库的信息--->工作区.
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git reset --hard 654c HEAD is now at 654c826 wrote a readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git add readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git commit -m "third commit" [master 4f76d7a] third commit 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ git reflog 4f76d7a (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: third commit 654c826 HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to 654c 949a51f HEAD@{2}: commit: second commit 654c826 HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): wrote a readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $
10,git理论
Git 保存当前库中文件状态 --- add -----> stage ---- commit ---> 版本库.
uncheck file -------------取消暂存区.
restore file -------------将暂存区的文件恢复到工作区
reset –hard 版本号 ------------将版本区的文件恢复到工作区.
GIt 查看命令 git status ---查看状态;git diff ---查看区别.
Git log 查看当前保存的版本号
Git reflog 查看版本操作.
11,删除文件相关操作
$ git status On branch master Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) deleted: test.txt no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
12, 创建SSH密钥
12.1 利用命令创建SSH,并且在Administrator文件夹下面找到SSH.PUB
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master) $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "357670442@qq.com" Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:fBzUtP87VnN1GcGy8nDxNqgFUf6IXxhimla+nelWi1w 357670442@qq.com The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 3072]----+ | .++....| | . .o+ o | | .+oo* o| | . .*+o*==o| | S+ooBooo+| | .. .+.+Eo| | ..=+ *| | .+ +.| | .....| +----[SHA256]-----+
12.2 在GITHUB里面登陆,并且在Setting –>SSH AND GPG KEYS 里面添加 SSH kEYS.
12.3 将本地仓库GitRep 关联到远程的GitRep
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master)
$ git remote add origin git@github.com:357670442/GitRep.git
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/GitRep (master)
$ git push -u origin master// +u 不仅推送本地分支(版本分支)而且还进行了关联.
The authenticity of host 'github.com (13.250.177.223)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,13.250.177.223' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enumerating objects: 6, done.
Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 475 bytes | 67.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 6 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.
To github.com:357670442/GitRep.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
要关联一个远程库，使用命令git remote add origin git@server-name:path/repo-name.git；
关联后，使用命令git push -u origin master第一次推送master分支的所有内容；
此后，每次本地提交后，只要有必要，就可以使用命令git push origin master推送最新修改；
13,从远程库克隆
cd c: $ cd c: Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c $ git clone git@github.com:357670442/WindowsFormsApp2.git Cloning into 'WindowsFormsApp2'... remote: Enumerating objects: 52, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (52/52), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (38/38), done. remote: Total 52 (delta 26), reused 40 (delta 14), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (52/52), 27.51 KiB | 163.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (26/26), done.
地址来自于此
14,分支管理
14.1 分支理论
一开始的时候，master分支是一条线，Git用master指向最新的提交，再用HEAD指向master，就能确定当前分支，以及当前分支的提交点：
增加分支后A
此后,每一次提交就变化了B
分支合并C
分支删除D
14.2 实战
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git checkout -b dev //创建并新建分支.情况A
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (dev)
$ git add readme.txtAdministrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (dev) $ git commit -m " dev branch"//新的提交 ,情况B [dev 340b649] dev branch 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (dev) $ git checkout master //切换到master分支,并且更改当前工作区内容. Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. nothing to commit, working tree clean Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git checkout dev //更改到分支dev,变化B. Switched to branch 'dev' Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (dev) $ git checkout master //切换到master分支,HEAD 指向Master. Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git merge dev //将master--超前到dev,合并.master指向dev. Updating 4f76d7a..340b649 Fast-forward readme.txt | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git branch -d dev 删除dev分支.(也就是删除dev指针). Deleted branch dev (was 340b649). Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git branch //查看当前branch. * master
Git鼓励大量使用分支：
查看分支：git branch
创建分支：git branch <name>
切换分支：git checkout <name>或者git switch <name>
创建+切换分支：git checkout -b <name>或者git switch -c <name>
合并某分支到当前分支：git merge <name>
删除分支：git branch -d <name>
14.3 Git 合并冲突分支的方法:
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 ~ $ cd GitRep bash: cd: GitRep: No such file or directory Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 ~ $ cd c:gitrep Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git branch feature1 * master Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git branch -d feature1 Deleted branch feature1 (was 4ecc3a5). Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 4 commits. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) nothing to commit, working tree clean Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git push origin master Connection reset by 52.74.223.119 port 22 fatal: Could not read from remote repository. Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository exists. Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git push origin master Enumerating objects: 14, done. Counting objects: 100% (14/14), done. Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done. Writing objects: 100% (12/12), 1.00 KiB | 205.00 KiB/s, done. Total 12 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (3/3), done. To github.com:357670442/GitRep.git 4f76d7a..8a0ff69 master -> master Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ $ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit bash: $: command not found Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ gitt log --graph bash: gitt: command not found Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master) $ git log --graph * commit 8a0ff69d95648922252f671adcd3861a28e85f7c (HEAD -> master, origin/master) | Merge: a065329 4ecc3a5 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:08:08 2020 +0800 | | | | solve conflict | | | * commit 4ecc3a51b9b93de7092c54d67e7a52b643e5f804 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:00:32 2020 +0800 | | | | and simple | | * commit 8a0ff69d95648922252f671adcd3861a28e85f7c (HEAD -> master, origin/mast er) | Merge: a065329 4ecc3a5 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:08:08 2020 +0800 | | | | solve conflict | | | * commit 4ecc3a51b9b93de7092c54d67e7a52b643e5f804 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:00:32 2020 +0800 | | | | and simple | | * commit 8a0ff69d95648922252f671adcd3861a28e85f7c (HEAD -> master, origin/mast er) | Merge: a065329 4ecc3a5 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:08:08 2020 +0800 | | | | solve conflict | | | * commit 4ecc3a51b9b93de7092c54d67e7a52b643e5f804 | | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:00:32 2020 +0800 | | | | and simple | | * | commit a065329eafd6ac667bea17148127e9dbd9934be2 |/ Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | Date: Thu Jan 16 13:02:35 2020 +0800 | | & simple | * commit 340b6493a4d0be9f05fa3f8c90b01ca50ed62c5c | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | Date: Thu Jan 16 12:48:23 2020 +0800 | | dev branch | * commit 4f76d7a02747fb356b7afca52347eb8687f41331 | Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> | Date: Thu Jan 16 09:23:23 2020 +0800 | | third commit | * commit 654c826349e8689059b65b77a4daac76ec98fcd3 Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com> Date: Thu Jan 16 08:59:47 2020 +0800 wrote a readme.txt Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
Git解决冲突的方法,在回到Master之后,进行Merge,然后其再上一个版本,这个时候,手动进行文件更改,然后
再次进行合并.用git log --graph命令可以看到分支合并图。按q退出.
14.4分支管理策略
使用 $ git merge --no-ff -m "merge with no-ff" dev
新建一个commit,然后进行合并.
删除未合并的分支:
git branch -D <name>强行删除
标签的使用方法
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git tag v0.9 340b64
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git tag
v0.9
v1.0
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git show v0.9
commit 340b6493a4d0be9f05fa3f8c90b01ca50ed62c5c (tag: v0.9)
Author: mxb <357670442@qq.com>
Date: Thu Jan 16 12:48:23 2020 +0800
dev branch
diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
index b3dd77f..1cede17 100644
--- a/readme.txt
+++ b/readme.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
命令
git tag <tagname>用于新建一个标签，默认为HEAD，也可以指定一个commit id；命令
git tag -a <tagname> -m "blablabla..."可以指定标签信息；命令
git tag可以查看所有标签。命令 git show <tag> 可以查询信息.
注册码云账号,添加SSH,参考前面.然后进行仓库的添加. 远程的操作: 远程仓库查看 git remote –v 远程慷慨添加 git remote add origin https://gitee.com/mao_qin_bin/GitRep.git 远程仓库删除 git remote rm origin15 码云的使用Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git remote add gitee_origin https://gitee.com/mao_qin_bin/GitRep.git
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$ git push -u gitee_origin master
Enumerating objects: 18, done.
Counting objects: 100% (18/18), done.
Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
Writing objects: 100% (18/18), 1.38 KiB | 83.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 18 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-3.8]
To https://gitee.com/mao_qin_bin/GitRep.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'gitee_origin'.
Administrator@Mxb20200114 MINGW64 /c/gitrep (master)
$