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  • 发布符合 .NET Framework 准则的事件(C# 编程指南)

    下面的过程演示了如何将符合标准 .NET Framework 模式的事件添加到您自己的类和结构中。.NET Framework 类库中的所有事件均基于 EventHandler 委托,定义如下:

     
     
    public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
    
    Note注意

    .NET Framework 2.0 引入了此委托的一个泛型版本,即 EventHandler<T>。下面的示例显示如何使用这两种版本。

    虽然您定义的类中的事件可采用任何有效委托类型(包括会返回值的委托),但是,通常建议您使用 EventHandler 让事件采用 .NET Framework 模式,如下面的示例所示:

    采用 EventHandler 模式发布事件

    1. (如果不需要发送含事件的自定义数据,请跳过此步骤,直接进入步骤 3a。)在发行者类和订户类均可看见的范围中声明类,并添加保留自定义事件数据所需的成员。在此示例中,会返回一个简单字符串。

       
       
      public class CustomEventArgs : EventArgs
      {
          public CustomEventArgs(string s)
          {
              msg = s;
          }
          private string msg;
          public string Message
          {
              get { return msg; }
          } 
      }
      
    2. (如果您使用的是 EventHandler 的泛型版本,请跳过此步骤。)在发布类中声明一个委托。为它指定以 EventHandler 结尾的名称。第二个参数指定自定义 EventArgs 类型。

       
       
      public delegate void CustomEventHandler(object sender, CustomEventArgs a);
      
    3. 使用以下任一步骤,在发布类中声明事件。

      1. 如果没有自定义 EventArgs 类,事件类型就是非泛型 EventHandler 委托。它无需声明,因为它已在 C# 项目默认包含的 System 命名空间中进行了声明:

         
         
        public event EventHandler RaiseCustomEvent;
        
      2. 如果使用的是 EventHandler 的非泛型版本,并且您有一个由 EventArgs 派生的自定义类,请在发布类中声明您的事件,并且将您的委托用作类型:

         
         
        class Publisher
        {
            public event CustomEventHandler RaiseCustomEvent;
        }
        
      3. 如果使用的是泛型版本,则不需要自定义委托。相反,应将事件类型指定为 EventHandler<CustomEventArgs>,在尖括号内放置您自己的类的名称。

         
         
        public event EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> RaiseCustomEvent;
        

    示例

    下面的示例演示了上述步骤,它将自定义 EventArgs 类和 EventHandler<T> 用作事件类型。

     
    namespace DotNetEvents
    {
        using System;
        using System.Collections.Generic;
    
        // Define a class to hold custom event info
        public class CustomEventArgs : EventArgs
        {
            public CustomEventArgs(string s)
            {
                message = s;
            }
            private string message;
    
            public string Message
            {
                get { return message; }
                set { message = value; }
            }
        }
    
        // Class that publishes an event
        class Publisher
        {
    
            // Declare the event using EventHandler<T>
            public event EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> RaiseCustomEvent;
    
            public void DoSomething()
            {
                // Write some code that does something useful here
                // then raise the event. You can also raise an event
                // before you execute a block of code.
                OnRaiseCustomEvent(new CustomEventArgs("Did something"));
    
            }
    
            // Wrap event invocations inside a protected virtual method
            // to allow derived classes to override the event invocation behavior
            protected virtual void OnRaiseCustomEvent(CustomEventArgs e)
            {
                // Make a temporary copy of the event to avoid possibility of
                // a race condition if the last subscriber unsubscribes
                // immediately after the null check and before the event is raised.
                EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> handler = RaiseCustomEvent;
    
                // Event will be null if there are no subscribers
                if (handler != null)
                {
                    // Format the string to send inside the CustomEventArgs parameter
                    e.Message += String.Format(" at {0}", DateTime.Now.ToString());
    
                    // Use the () operator to raise the event.
                    handler(this, e);
                }
            }
        }
    
        //Class that subscribes to an event
        class Subscriber
        {
            private string id;
            public Subscriber(string ID, Publisher pub)
            {
                id = ID;
                // Subscribe to the event using C# 2.0 syntax
                pub.RaiseCustomEvent += HandleCustomEvent;
            }
    
            // Define what actions to take when the event is raised.
            void HandleCustomEvent(object sender, CustomEventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(id + " received this message: {0}", e.Message);
            }
        }
    
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                Publisher pub = new Publisher();
                Subscriber sub1 = new Subscriber("sub1", pub);
                Subscriber sub2 = new Subscriber("sub2", pub);
    
                // Call the method that raises the event.
                pub.DoSomething();
    
                // Keep the console window open
                Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to close this window.");
                Console.ReadLine();
    
            }
        }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/frustrate2/p/3045015.html
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