oracle 数据文件管理

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oracle 数据文件管理

数据文件管理

1. datafile add
2. datafile delete
3. datafile resize
4. datafile rename

1. datafile add

添加表空间，从而添加datafile

SQL> create tablespace tbs_skate
2 datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;

Tablespace created

SQL> select tablespace_name,status,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces
2 ;

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS    EXTENT_MANAGEMENT SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT
------------------------------ --------- ----------------- ------------------------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE    LOCAL             MANUAL
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE    LOCAL             MANUAL
SYSAUX                         ONLINE    LOCAL             AUTO
TEMP                           ONLINE    LOCAL             MANUAL
USERS                          ONLINE    LOCAL             AUTO
GPTBS                          ONLINE    LOCAL             AUTO
TBS_SKATE                      ONLINE    LOCAL             AUTO

7 rows selected

SQL> select name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520

7 rows selected

SQL>

给表空间新增加datafile

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate add
2 datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;

Tablespace altered

SQL> select name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520
+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047                                 ONLINE    20971520

8 rows selected

SQL>

2. datafile delete

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline;

alter database datafile 8 offline

ORA-01145: offline immediate disallowed unless media recovery enabled

出现这个错误的原因是因为这个库是noarchivelog模式的不能直接offline，要用offline drop，而如果是archivelog模式，使用哪个那就无所谓了。再用offline drop删除datafile时候，在dba_data_files和v$datafile视图里都存在，只是相应的字段信息已经改变；并且在v$recover_file也有相应的信息，目的是为了恢复。

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;

Database altered

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520
         8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047                                 RECOVER   20971520

8 rows selected

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

     FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR                 CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
         8 OFFLINE OFFLINE                             5283160 2010-5-25 1

SQL>

视图v$recover_file里存在记录，说明有需要恢复的文件，需要recover

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8;

alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8

ORA-03264: cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace

这个错误提示不能删除本地管理的offline的datafile，那我就把它online

SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;

alter database datafile 8 online

ORA-01113: file 8 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 8: '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047'

结果提示需要恢复文件，那就恢复数据文件8

SQL> recover datafile 8;
Media recovery complete.
SQL>

恢复完后确定datafile 8的状态，然后online数据文件

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

     FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR                 CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520
         8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047                                 OFFLINE   20971520

8 rows selected

SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;

Database altered

SQL>

这回就可以删除数据文件8了

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8;

Tablespace altered

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

     FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR                 CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520

7 rows selected

SQL>

还可以通过数据文件名字直接删除数据文件

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520

7 rows selected

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745';

alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745'

ORA-03261: the tablespace TBS_SKATE has only one file

这个错误说明表空间里必须要有至少一个数据文件

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate add datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;

Tablespace altered

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520
         8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719951265                                 ONLINE    20971520

8 rows selected

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719951265';

Tablespace altered

SQL>

3. datafile resize

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    20971520

7 rows selected

SQL> alter database datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745' resize 40m;

Database altered

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    41943040

7 rows selected

SQL> alter database datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745' resize 10m;

Database altered

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 ONLINE    10485760

7 rows selected

SQL>

4. datafile rename

SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';

alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03'

ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-01121: cannot rename database file 8 - file is in use or recovery
ORA-01110: data file 8: '/tmp/tbs_skate02'

错误提示文件在使用

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate offline;

Tablespace altered

SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';

alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03'

ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-01141: error renaming data file 8 - new file '/tmp/tbs_skate03' not found
ORA-01110: data file 8: '/tmp/tbs_skate02'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

要先把文件'/tmp/tbs_skate02' 物理的copy到'/tmp/tbs_skate03' ，然后在继续执行就会ok

SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';

Database altered

SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME                                                                             STATUS       BYTES
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------
         1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783                                    SYSTEM   513802240
         2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783                                  ONLINE    36700160
         3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783                                    ONLINE   408944640
         4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783                                     ONLINE     5242880
         5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383                                     ONLINE   104857600
         6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181                                     ONLINE    10485760
         7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745                                 OFFLINE          0
         8 /tmp/tbs_skate03                                                                 OFFLINE          0

8 rows selected

SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate online;

Tablespace altered

SQL>

要是asm文件，除了recover外，我还真不知道如何直接重命名，因为在rename之前，要先物理的把文件cp过去，asm在10g里没有相应的命令
在11g里有了cp命令。

相关文档：

http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/archive/2008/03/25/2218130.aspx

http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/archive/2008/04/15/2294654.aspx

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/article/details/5623700

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/future2012lg/p/3684088.html