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  • 【0928 | Day 39】三大范式/数据库查询练习

    一、数据库的三大设计范式

    1. 第一范式:数据中所有字段都是不可分割的原子值

    倘若字段可以继续拆分,就不满足第一范式,举个例子:

    ==》创建一个表student2,再向里面插入数据,结果如下

    mysql> select * from student2;
    +----+--------+-----------------------------+
    | id | name   | address                     |
    +----+--------+-----------------------------+
    |  1 | 张三   | 安徽省合肥市蜀山区          |
    |  2 | 李四   | 安徽省合肥市庐阳区          |
    |  3 | 王二   | 安徽省合肥市包河区          |
    +----+--------+-----------------------------+
    
    3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
    

    分析:其实还是可以拆分的可以再分成省份、城市、区,上图就是可拆分,不满足第一范式。我们要把表拆的详细一点,后期方便统计。

    注意:范式设计的越详细,对某些实际操作可能更好,但是不一定都是好处。

    2. 第二范式:必须满足第一范式的前提下,第二范式要求,除主键外的每一列都必须完全依赖于主键

    如果出现不完全依赖,只可能发送在联合主键的情况下。
    ==》下面我们创建一个表,用来当做订单

    mysql> create table myorser(
        -> product_id int,           #产品号
        -> customer_id int,          #用户号
        -> product_name varchar(20),
        -> customer_name varchar(20),
        -> primary key(product_id,customer_id)     #产品号和用户号形成联合主键
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.21 sec)
    

    分析:除主键外其他列,只依赖于主键的部分字段。产品的名字只和产品号有关、用户的名字只和用户号有关,就是不完全依赖于主键,比满足第二范式!!
      

    解决方法如下,拆表:

    mysql> create table myorder2(     #订单id表
        -> order_id int primary key,
        -> product_id int,
        -> customer_id int
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.99 sec)
    
    mysql> create table product(    #产品名表,依赖于产品id
        -> id int primary key,
        -> name varchar(20)
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.93 sec)
    
    mysql> create table customer(   #顾客名表,依赖于顾客id
        -> id int primary key,
        -> name varchar(20)
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)
    

    3. 第三范式:必须满足第二范式,除主键列的其他列之间不能有传递依赖关系

    ==》看这个例子:

    mysql> create table myorder2(    
        -> order_id int primary key,
        -> product_id int,
        -> customer_id int,
        -> customer_phone varchar(20)
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.99 sec)
    

    分析:这里相比上面订单id表,多了一个顾客手机,很明显customer_phone和order_id主键有关系,但是customer_phone还依赖于customer_id(除主键外的其他键)。这就不满足第三范式了,应该将顾客的手机放入顾客表中才满足第三范式。

    二、查询练习

    1. 准备

    ==》准备创建几个表:

    • 学生表(Student):学号、姓名、性别、出生年月日、班级
    • 课程表(Course):课程号、课程名称、教师编号
    • 成绩表(Score) :学号、课程号、成绩
    • 教师表(Teacher):教师编号、教师性别、教师性别、出生年月日、职称、所在部门
    #创建一个test2新数据库
    mysql> create database `test2` character set utf8;    
    Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.67 sec)
    
    #创建学生表
    mysql> create table student(        
        -> snumber varchar(20) primary key,
        -> sname varchar(20) not null,
        -> ssex varchar(20) not null,
        -> sbirthday datetime,
        -> class varchar(20)
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.06 sec)
    
    #创建老师表
    mysql> create table teacher(
        -> tnumber varchar(20) primary key,
        -> tname varchar(20) not null,
        -> tsex varchar(20) not null,
        -> tbirthday datetime,
        -> prof varchar(20) not null,
        -> depart varchar(20) not null
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.88 sec)
    
    #创建课程表
    mysql> create table course(
        -> cnumber varchar(20) primary key,
        -> cname varchar(20) not null,
        -> tnumber varchar(20) not null,
           #其中tnumber和老师表中的tnumber一样,使用外键
        -> foreign key(tnumber) references teacher(tnumber) 
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.02 sec)
    
    #创建成绩表
    mysql> create table score(
        -> snumber varchar(20) not null,
        -> cnumber varchar(20) not null,
        -> degree decimal,
        -> foreign key(snumber) references student(snumber),
        -> foreign key(cnumber) references course(cnumber),
           #一个联合主键,学生号和课程号不重复就好
        -> primary key(snumber,cnumber) 
        -> );
        
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.01 sec)
    

    2. 导入数据

    mysql> select * from student;
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from teacher;
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | tnumber | tname  | tsex | tbirthday           | prof      | depart          |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | 111     | 古一   | 女   | 0000-01-01 00:00:00 | 教授      | 化学系          |
    | 112     | 王     | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 副教授    | 计算机系        |
    | 113     | 春丽   | 女   | 1988-11-05 00:00:00 | 助教      | 英语系          |
    | 114     | 刘邦   | 男   | 1978-12-03 00:00:00 | 助教      | 通信工程系      |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from course;
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | cnumber | cname        | tnumber |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | 3-105   | 数据结构     | 112     |
    | 3-245   | 模拟电路     | 113     |
    | 6-166   | 人工智能     | 111     |
    | 9-888   | 数字电路     | 114     |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from score;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    | 106     | 6-166   |     92 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    3. 练习

    1)

    • 查询student表中的所有记录
    • 用法:mysql> select * from  student;
    mysql> select * from student;
    # 其中 * 表示所有字段的意思
    
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    2)

    • 查询student表中所有记录的sname、ssex、class列
    • 用法:mysql> select + 要查询的列(多个用逗号隔开) + from + 表名;
    mysql> select sname,ssex,class from student;
    +-----------+------+--------+
    | sname     | ssex | class  |
    +-----------+------+--------+
    | 张三      | 男   | 一班   |
    | 李四      | 男   | 一班   |
    | 王二      | 女   | 一班   |
    | 王尼玛    | 男   | 一班   |
    | 张全蛋    | 男   | 一班   |
    | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 二班   |
    | 木子      | 女   | 二班   |
    +-----------+------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    3)

    • 查询教师的所有单位,即不重复的depart列
    • 用法:mysql> select distinct depart from teacher;
    mysql> select depart from teacher;
    +-----------------+
    | depart          |
    +-----------------+
    | 化学系          |
    | 计算机系        |
    | 通信工程系      |
    | 通信工程系      |
    +-----------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    
    mysql> select distinct depart from teacher;
    +-----------------+
    | depart          |
    +-----------------+
    | 化学系          |
    | 计算机系        |
    | 通信工程系      |
    +-----------------+
    3 rows in set (0.10 sec)
    

    4)

    • 查询score表中成绩 60到90 之间的所有记录
    • 用法一:mysql> select * from score where degree between 60 and 80;(between包括端点值)
    • 用法二:mysql> select * from score where degree >= 60 and degree<= 90;
    mysql> select * from score where degree between 60 and 90;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    5)

    • 查询score表中85、95或83的记录
    • 用法:in
    mysql> select * from score where degree in (85,95,83);
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    6)

    • 查询student表中班级为一班或性别为女的同学记录
    • 用法:or
    mysql> select * from student where class='一班' or ssex='女';
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三       | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四       | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二       | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛     | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋     | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 106     | 木子       | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    7)

    • 按照学号(snumber)升序降序的方式查询student表中的记录
    • 用法(降序):mysql> select * from student order by snumber(什么字段) desc(降序);
    • 用法一(升序):mysql> select * from student order by snumber(什么字段) asc(升序);
    • 用法二(升序):mysql> select * from student order by snumber;(升序两种方式一样)
    mysql> select * from student order by snumber desc;
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    8)

    • 按照教师号(cnumber)升序、成绩(degree)降序查询score表中的记录
    • 用法:mysql> select * from score order by cnumber asc ,degree desc;
    ysql> select * from score order by cnumber asc ,degree desc;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 106     | 6-166   |     92 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:这条语句会先按照教师号升序排列,遇到相同的教师号再按照成绩降序进行排列(order by 先按照第一个排,再考虑第二个排列)

    注意:当两个同时排序的话,asc(升序)必须要写(sql8.0不写也没事)

    9)

    • 查询一班的人数
    • 用法:count
    mysql> select count(*) from student where class='一班';
    +----------+
    | count(*) |
    +----------+
    |        5 |
    +----------+
    1 row in set (0.15 sec)
    

    10)

    • 查询score表中最高分的学生学号和课程号
    • 用法:mysql> select snumber,cnumber from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
    mysql> select snumber,cnumber from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
    +---------+---------+
    | snumber | cnumber |
    +---------+---------+
    | 101     | 3-245   |
    +---------+---------+
    1 row in set (0.35 sec)
    

    对于这个复合语句进行拆分:

    1. 找到最高分
      select max(degree) from score
    2. 找到最高分的学号和课程号
      mysql> select snumber,cnumber from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);

    11)

    • 排序的做法

    • 用法:mysql> select snumber,cnumber,degree from score order by degree desc limit 0,1;

    mysql> select snumber,cnumber,degree from score order by degree desc  limit 0,1;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:这里的 limit 0,1** 表示取表中从第0条取到第一条(也就是取出第一条数据)

    注意:limit 的第一个数字表示从哪里开始查,第二个数字表示查几条

    12)

    • 查询每门课的平均成绩
    • 用法:avg(degree)
    mysql> select * from course;
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | cnumber | cname        | tnumber |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | 3-105   | 数据结构     | 112     |
    | 3-245   | 模拟电路     | 113     |
    | 6-166   | 人工智能     | 111     |
    | 9-888   | 数字电路     | 114     |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    • 查询3-105老师带的数据结构这门课的平均成绩
    #先看一下这门课的学生所有成绩
    mysql> select degree from score where cnumber='3-105';
    +--------+
    | degree |
    +--------+
    |     83 |
    |     89 |
    +--------+
    2 rows in set (0.11 sec)
    
    #计算平均成绩
    mysql> select avg(degree) from score where cnumber='3-105';
    +-------------+
    | avg(degree) |
    +-------------+
    |     86.0000 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.02 sec)
    
    • 但是我们这只计算了一门,怎么计算每一门呢?一条一条语句的写是可以的,但是比较麻烦,下面写在一条语句中:
    • 用法: group by ,先把课程号分组再进行计算
    mysql> select cnumber,avg(degree) from score group by cnumber;
    +---------+-------------+
    | cnumber | avg(degree) |
    +---------+-------------+
    | 3-105   |     86.0000 |
    | 3-245   |     82.0000 |
    | 6-166   |     76.0000 |
    +---------+-------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    13)

    • 查询score表中至少有两名学生选修,并以3开头的课程平均成绩(分组条件与模糊查询)

    • 用法:group by + having + 条件(分组后跟条件要使用having)

    ==》第一步:score表中至少有两名学生选修

    mysql> select cnumber from score 
        ->  group by cnumber  #分组
        -> having count(cnumber)>=2; #条件
    +---------+
    | cnumber |
    +---------+
    | 3-105   |
    | 3-245   |
    | 6-166   |
    +---------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select cnumber from score group by cnumber
        -> having count(cnumber)>=4;#条件
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    

    问题:有个疑问,为什么要count(cnumber)?

    • 因为这里cnumber是课程号,count是求和关键字,score表中课程数大于等于2的就是至少两人选的课程

    注意:以3开头,这里可以用 模糊查询(使用 like)

    ==》第二步:以3开头的课程平均成绩

    mysql> select cnumber from score group by cnumber
        -> having count(cnumber)>=2 and cnumber like '3%'; 
                   #3%表示以3开头, %为3后面的任意匹配
    +---------+
    | cnumber |
    +---------+
    | 3-105   |
    | 3-245   |
    +---------+
    2 rows in set (0.35 sec)
    

    ==》第三步:计算平均值和这门课的人数

    mysql> select cnumber,avg(degree),count(*) from score group by cnumber
        -> having count(cnumber)>=2 and cnumber like '3%';
    +---------+-------------+----------+
    | cnumber | avg(degree) | count(*) |
    +---------+-------------+----------+
    | 3-105   |     86.0000 |        2 |
    | 3-245   |     82.0000 |        3 |
    +---------+-------------+----------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    14)

    • 查询成绩大于70,小于90的列
    • 用法一:where + 条件
    mysql> select snumber,degree from score
        -> where degree>70 and degree<90;
    +---------+--------+
    | snumber | degree |
    +---------+--------+
    | 100     |     85 |
    | 102     |     83 |
    | 103     |     89 |
    +---------+--------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    • 用法二:between...and...
    mysql> select snumber,degree from score
        -> where degree between 70 and 90;
    

    15)

    • 查询所有学生的sname、cnumber、degree(多表查询)
    • 当要查询的内容不在一张表中时,我们可以分开查询,但是太麻烦了。

    ==》第一步:多表查询

    mysql> select snumber,cnumber,degree from score;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    | 106     | 6-166   |     92 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select snumber,sname from student;
    +---------+-----------+
    | snumber | sname     |
    +---------+-----------+
    | 100     | 张三      |
    | 101     | 李四      |
    | 102     | 王二      |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    |
    | 106     | 木子      |
    +---------+-----------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:把score表中snumber替换成对应的姓名sname

    mysql> select sname,cnumber,degree from student,score
        -> where student.snumber=score.snumber;  #加上限制条件,不然会乱
    +-----------+---------+--------+
    | sname     | cnumber | degree |
    +-----------+---------+--------+
    | 张三      | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 李四      | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 王二      | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 王尼玛    | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 张全蛋    | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 赵铁柱    | 6-166   |     60 |
    | 木子      | 6-166   |     92 |
    +-----------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    16)

    • 查询所有学生的snumber、cname、degree(多表查询)

    ==》第一步:先查询一下这两个表中的内容

    mysql> select * from score;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    | 106     | 6-166   |     92 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from course;
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | cnumber | cname        | tnumber |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | 3-105   | 数据结构     | 112     |
    | 3-245   | 模拟电路     | 113     |
    | 6-166   | 人工智能     | 111     |
    | 9-888   | 数字电路     | 114     |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:cnumber是一样的,通过这个来写条件

    mysql> select cname,snumber,degree from score,course
        -> where score.cnumber=course.cnumber;
    +--------------+---------+--------+
    | cname        | snumber | degree |
    +--------------+---------+--------+
    | 模拟电路     | 100     |     85 |
    | 模拟电路     | 101     |     95 |
    | 数据结构     | 102     |     83 |
    | 数据结构     | 103     |     89 |
    | 模拟电路     | 104     |     66 |
    | 人工智能     | 105     |     60 |
    | 人工智能     | 106     |     92 |
    +--------------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    17)

    • 查询所有学生的cname、sname,degree(三表关联查询)

    ==》第一步:找两两之间的相同之处,写条件

    mysql> select sname,cname,degree from student,course,score #三个数据来自三个表
        -> where student.snumber=score.snumber  #利用score表中的重复字段来查询
        ->and course.cnumber=score.cnumber;
    +-----------+--------------+--------+
    | sname     | cname        | degree |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+
    | 张三      | 模拟电路     |     85 |
    | 李四      | 模拟电路     |     95 |
    | 王二      | 数据结构     |     83 |
    | 王尼玛    | 数据结构     |     89 |
    | 张全蛋    | 模拟电路     |     66 |
    | 赵铁柱    | 人工智能     |     60 |
    | 木子      | 人工智能     |     92 |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:再查询下cnumber和snumber

    mysql> select sname,cname,degree,student.snumber,course.cnumber from student,course,score
        -> where student.snumber=score.snumber and course.cnumber=score.cnumber;
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+
    | sname     | cname        | degree | snumber | cnumber |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+
    | 张三      | 模拟电路     |     85 | 100     | 3-245   |
    | 李四      | 模拟电路     |     95 | 101     | 3-245   |
    | 王二      | 数据结构     |     83 | 102     | 3-105   |
    | 王尼玛    | 数据结构     |     89 | 103     | 3-105   |
    | 张全蛋    | 模拟电路     |     66 | 104     | 3-245   |
    | 赵铁柱    | 人工智能     |     60 | 105     | 6-166   |
    | 木子      | 人工智能     |     92 | 106     | 6-166   |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    注意:这里要查询的snumber和cnumber都加了条件。

    • 因为这两个数据出现在多个表中,如果不指定电脑不知道找哪一个表中的(尽管都相同),但是会报错:
      ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'snumber' in field list is ambiguous

    我们可以验证一下:

    mysql> select sname,cname,degree,student.snumber as stu_num,score.snumber ,course.cnumber from student,course,score
        -> where student.snumber=score.snumber and course.cnumber=score.cnumber;
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+---------+
    | sname     | cname        | degree | stu_num | snumber | cnumber |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+---------+
    | 张三      | 模拟电路     |     85 | 100     | 100     | 3-245   |
    | 李四      | 模拟电路     |     95 | 101     | 101     | 3-245   |
    | 王二      | 数据结构     |     83 | 102     | 102     | 3-105   |
    | 王尼玛    | 数据结构     |     89 | 103     | 103     | 3-105   |
    | 张全蛋    | 模拟电路     |     66 | 104     | 104     | 3-245   |
    | 赵铁柱    | 人工智能     |     60 | 105     | 105     | 6-166   |
    | 木子      | 人工智能     |     92 | 106     | 106     | 6-166   |
    +-----------+--------------+--------+---------+---------+---------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    其中的student.snumber as stu_num可以给要显示的列进行更名,但是仅仅局限于此次查询。通过结果可发现结果是相同的

    18)

    • 查询一班学生每门课的平均成绩

    ==》第一步:

    mysql> select avg(degree) from score
              where snumber in (select snumber from student where class='一班');
    +-------------+
    | avg(degree) |
    +-------------+
    |     83.6000 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.18 sec)
    

    但是这是所有课程的平均成绩,我们要求的是每门课的平均成绩,其实就是按照老师号进行分组即可 group by cnumber

    mysql> select cnumber, avg(degree) from score where snumber in (select snumber from student where class='一班')
        -> group by cnumber;  #按照老师号进行分组
    +---------+-------------+
    | cnumber | avg(degree) |
    +---------+-------------+
    | 3-245   |     82.0000 |
    | 3-105   |     86.0000 |
    +---------+-------------+
    2 rows in set (0.16 sec)
    

    19)

    • 查询选修‘3-105’课程中成绩高于102号同学成绩的同学记录(子查询)

    ==》第一步:先把102号同学的3-105课程的成绩导出来,用到了and(同时)

    mysql> select degree from score where snumber='102' and cnumber='3-105';
    +--------+
    | degree |
    +--------+
    |     83 |
    +--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》再加一个3-105课程就可以筛选出来

    mysql> select snumber,degree from score where
         #成绩条件
        -> degree>(select degree from score where snumber='102' and cnumber='3-105')   
         #课程号条件
        -> and cnumber='3-105'; 
    +---------+--------+
    | snumber | degree |
    +---------+--------+
    | 103     |     89 |
    +---------+--------+
    1 row in set (0.03 sec)
    

    20)

    • 查询所有课程的成绩高于‘3-105’课程中成绩高于102号同学成绩的同学记录
    mysql> select snumber,degree from score where
        -> degree>(select degree from score where snumber='102' and cnumber='3-105');
    +---------+--------+
    | snumber | degree |
    +---------+--------+
    | 100     |     85 |
    | 101     |     95 |
    | 103     |     89 |
    | 106     |     92 |
    +---------+--------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    21)

    • 查询学号为100、104 的同学同年出生的所有学生的snumber、sname和sbirthday

    ==》第一步:先看一眼student表

    mysql> select * from student;
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:通过year()函数

    mysql> select year(sbirthday) from student where snumber in (100,104);
    +-----------------+
    | year(sbirthday) |
    +-----------------+
    |            1999 |
    |            2000 |
    +-----------------+
    2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
    

    ==》第三步:有了年份,就可以进行筛选了,注意这里不能用 = 来做条件因为这里的年份是两个值,应该用 in,有一个条件用 =,两个以上条件用 in

    mysql> select snumber,sname,sbirthday from student
      -> where year(sbirthday) in (select year(sbirthday) from student where snumber in (100,104));
    +---------+-----------+---------------------+
    | snumber | sname     | sbirthday           |
    +---------+-----------+---------------------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 |
    | 101     | 李四      | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 |
    | 102     | 王二      | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 106     | 木子      | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 |
    +---------+-----------+---------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
    

    22)

    • 查询‘古一’老师任课的学生成绩(多层嵌套子查询)

    ==》第一步:先看一下古一的个人信息

    mysql> select * from teacher where tname='古一';
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+-----------+
    | tnumber | tname  | tsex | tbirthday           | prof   | depart    |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+-----------+
    | 111     | 古一   | 女   | 0000-01-01 00:00:00 | 教授   | 化学系    |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:从这个表中得到古一的tnumber,再根据tnumner在course表中找到她教的课程的cnumber号

    mysql> select cnumber from course 
         > where tnumber=(select tnumber from teacher where tname='古一');
    +---------+
    | cnumber |
    +---------+
    | 6-166   |
    +---------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第三步:知道了cnumber号就可以从score表中得到她教这门课的平均成绩了

    mysql> select avg(degree) from score
        -> where cnumber=( select cnumber from course 
        -> where tnumber=(select tnumber from teacher where tname='古一') );
    +-------------+
    | avg(degree) |
    +-------------+
    |     76.0000 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    

    总结:多层嵌套的子查询,查询结果作为另一个的条件

    23)

    • 查询选修某门课人数多于2人的教师姓名
    • 先查询人数多于2人的课程号,再查询老师的tnumber,再查询老师的姓名,步步嵌套
    mysql> select tname from teacher
        #条件3:以条件2查找老师的名字
        -> where tnumber = 
        #条件2:以条件1位条件找到 老师的tnumber,
        ->(select tnumber from course  where cnumber=
        #条件1:人数多于2人的课程号
        -> ( select cnumber from score  group by cnumber having count(*)>2 ) );
    +--------+
    | tname  |
    +--------+
    | 春丽   |
    +--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    24)

    • 查询一班二班全体学生记录
    • 用法:in
    mysql> select * from student where class in ('一班','二班');
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.25 sec)
    

    25)

    • 查询存在85分以上成绩的课程号
    mysql> select * from score;
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    | 106     | 6-166   |     92 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
    
    
    mysql> select cnumber from score where degree >85;
    +---------+
    | cnumber |
    +---------+
    | 3-245   |
    | 3-105   |
    | 6-166   |
    +---------+
    3 rows in set (0.12 sec)
    

    26)

    • 查询通信工程系教师所教课程的成绩表
    mysql> select * from score where cnumber in (select cnumber from course where tnumber in (select tnumber from teacher where depart='通信工程系') );
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 100     | 3-245   |     85 |
    | 101     | 3-245   |     95 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    27)

    • 查询计算机系 与化学系 不同职称的教师的tname和prof(职称)

    ==》第一步:查询计算机系与化学系中职称不相同的老师 ,用到not in,他们的职称在其他系没有出现过的老师

    mysql> select * from teacher where depart='计算机系' 
           and prof not in(select prof from teacher where depart='通信工程系');
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    | tnumber | tname | tsex | tbirthday           | prof      | depart       |
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    | 112     | 王    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 副教授    | 计算机系     |
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    1 row in set (0.51 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:再反过来查通信工程系中与计算机系中不重复的

    mysql> select * from teacher where depart='计算机系' 
           and prof not in(select prof from teacher where depart='通信工程系');
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    | tnumber | tname | tsex | tbirthday           | prof      | depart       |
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    | 112     | 王    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 副教授    | 计算机系     |
    +---------+-------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------+
    1 row in set (0.51 sec)
    

    ==》第三步:这两个语句可以通过union连接在一起,求并集

    mysql> select * from teacher where depart='计算机系' and prof not in(select prof from teacher where depart='通信工程系')
       -> union   #连接在一起
       -> select * from teacher where depart='通信工程系' and prof not in(select prof from teacher where depart='计算机系');
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | tnumber | tname  | tsex | tbirthday           | prof      | depart          |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | 112     | 王     | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 副教授    | 计算机系        |
    | 113     | 春丽   | 女   | 1988-11-05 00:00:00 | 助教      | 通信工程系      |
    | 114     | 刘邦   | 男   | 1978-12-03 00:00:00 | 助教      | 通信工程系      |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    3 rows in set (0.38 sec)
    

    28)

    • 查询编号为‘3-105’课程且成绩至少高于编号为‘3-245’的成绩,这些人的cnumber,snumber和degree,并且按照degree的大小进行由高到低的排序(any)
    mysql> select * from score
        -> where cnumber='3-105' #条件一
        -> and degree>any(select degree from score where cnumber = '3-245')#条件二
        -> order by degree desc;  #排序
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 103     | 3-105   |     89 |
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    2 rows in set (0.39 sec)
    

    注意:至少 = any

    29)

    • 查询编号为‘3-105’的课程且成绩高于课程‘3-245’课程的同学的信息?(all)
    	mysql> select * from score
        -> where cnumber='3-105' #条件一
        -> and degree>all(select degree from score where cnumber = '3-245');
    

    30)

    • 查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday(union、as)
    mysql> select tname,tsex,tbirthday from teacher
        -> union
        -> select sname,ssex,sbirthday from student;
    +-----------+------+---------------------+
    | tname     | tsex | tbirthday           |
    +-----------+------+---------------------+
    | 古一      | 女   | 0000-01-01 00:00:00 |
    | 王        | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 春丽      | 女   | 1988-11-05 00:00:00 |
    | 刘邦      | 男   | 1978-12-03 00:00:00 |
    | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 |
    | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 |
    | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 |
    | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 |
    | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 |
    | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 |
    +-----------+------+---------------------+
    11 rows in set (0.06 sec)
    

    但是会发现,上面的字段不对是tname,这里就要取 别名 …as…

    mysql> select tname as name,tsex as sex,tbirthday as birthday from teacher
        -> union
        -> select sname,ssex,sbirthday from student;
    +-----------+-----+---------------------+
    | name      | sex | birthday            |
    +-----------+-----+---------------------+
    | 古一      | 女  | 0000-01-01 00:00:00 |
    | 王        | 男  | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 春丽      | 女  | 1988-11-05 00:00:00 |
    | 刘邦      | 男  | 1978-12-03 00:00:00 |
    | 张三      | 男  | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 |
    | 李四      | 男  | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 |
    | 王二      | 女  | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 |
    | 王尼玛    | 男  | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 |
    | 张全蛋    | 男  | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 赵铁柱    | 男  | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 |
    | 木子      | 女  | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 |
    +-----------+-----+---------------------+
    11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    注意:第二排可以不用取别名,默认按第一排取别名

    31)

    • 查询所有女教师和女同学的name、sex和birthday

    ==》在两个查询语句后面加上where条件就可以,在用union连接where tsex='女'+where ssex=‘女’

    32)

    • 查询成绩比课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表

    ==》第一步:先查一下各门课的平均成绩

    mysql> select avg(degree) from score group by cnumber;
    +-------------+
    | avg(degree) |
    +-------------+
    |     86.0000 |
    |     82.0000 |
    |     76.0000 |
    +-------------+
    3 rows in set (0.56 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:求某一门课的平均成绩

    mysql> select avg(degree) from score where cnumber='3-105';
    +-------------+
    | avg(degree) |
    +-------------+
    |     86.0000 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第三步:把score复制成a、b两个表(不需要语句,直接写)

    mysql> select * from score a where
        -> degree<(select avg(degree) from score b where a.cnumber=b.cnumber);
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | snumber | cnumber | degree |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    | 102     | 3-105   |     83 |
    | 104     | 3-245   |     66 |
    | 105     | 6-166   |     60 |
    +---------+---------+--------+
    3 rows in set (0.40 sec)
    

    33)

    • 查询所有任课老师的tname和depart
    mysql> select tname,depart from teacher
        -> where tnumber in (select tnumber from course);
    +--------+-----------------+
    | tname  | depart          |
    +--------+-----------------+
    | 古一   | 化学系          |
    | 王     | 计算机系        |
    | 春丽   | 通信工程系      |
    | 刘邦   | 通信工程系      |
    +--------+-----------------+
    4 rows in set (0.57 sec)
    

    分析:这一题乍一看很简单,其实有点小条件,就是任课老师的名字。因为老师表里面可能有不任课的老师,所以要和course表进行比较,找到teccher表中教师号在课程表中存在的任课老师

    34)

    • 查询至少有2个男生的班号

    ==》第一步:查看学生表

    mysql> select * from student;
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:count(*)统计男生的个数

    mysql> select class from student 
           where ssex='男' group by class having count(*)>=2;
    +--------+
    | class  |
    +--------+
    | 一班   |
    +--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    35)

    • 查询student表中不姓 ‘王’ 的同学记录
    • 用法:not like(模糊查询)
    mysql> select * from student where sname not like '王%';
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    5 rows in set (0.37 sec)
    

    36)

    • 查询student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄
    mysql> select sname,year(now())-year(sbirthday) as old from student;
    +-----------+------+
    | sname     | old  |
    +-----------+------+
    | 张三      |   20 |
    | 李四      |   20 |
    | 王二      |   20 |
    | 王尼玛    |   31 |
    | 张全蛋    |   19 |
    | 赵铁柱    |   36 |
    | 木子      |   19 |
    +-----------+------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:年龄=当前年份 - 出生年份,当前年份可以用 year( now())来体现,再加上别名

    37)

    • 查询student表中最大最小sbirthday的日期值
    mysql> select sbirthday from student order by sbirthday;
    +---------------------+
    | sbirthday           |
    +---------------------+
    | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 |
    | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 |
    | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 |
    | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 |
    | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 |
    | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 |
    | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 |
    +---------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    

    这里可以使用max()、min()函数

    mysql> select max(sbirthday) as max,min(sbirthday) as min
           from student order by sbirthday;
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | max                 | min                 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 |
    +---------------------+---------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    38)

    • 以班级和年龄从大到小的顺序查询student表中的记录
    mysql> select * from student order by class desc,sbirthday;
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname     | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 105     | 赵铁柱    | 男   | 1983-04-05 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 106     | 木子      | 女   | 2000-12-16 00:00:00 | 二班   |
    | 103     | 王尼玛    | 男   | 1988-01-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 101     | 李四      | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 100     | 张三      | 男   | 1999-09-01 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 102     | 王二      | 女   | 1999-09-23 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    | 104     | 张全蛋    | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    +---------+-----------+------+---------------------+--------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:这里的年龄要从大到小,因为年份排序是根据年的大小来排序的(2000年>1988年),所以不需要指定降序,默认的升序对年龄来说就是从大到小。

    注意:这里order by是先按照第一进行排列,第一个相同再按照第二个进行排列

    39)

    • 查询男教师以及所上的课程
    mysql> select * from teacher where tsex='男';
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | tnumber | tname  | tsex | tbirthday           | prof      | depart          |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    | 112     | 王     | 男   | 2000-09-03 00:00:00 | 副教授    | 计算机系        |
    | 114     | 刘邦   | 男   | 1978-12-03 00:00:00 | 助教      | 通信工程系      |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from course 
           where tnumber in ( select tnumber from teacher where tsex='男');
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | cnumber | cname        | tnumber |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    | 3-105   | 数据结构     | 112     |
    | 9-888   | 数字电路     | 114     |
    +---------+--------------+---------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:可以先查男教师,然后再作为条件来用

    40)

    • 查询最高分同学的信息
    mysql> select * from student where
        -> snumber=(select snumber from score where
           degree=( select max(degree) from score) );
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | snumber | sname  | ssex | sbirthday           | class  |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+
    | 101     | 李四   | 男   | 1999-02-11 00:00:00 | 一班   |
    +---------+--------+------+---------------------+--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    分析:由最高分找学号,再由学号找信息

    41)

    • 查询和王尼玛同性别的同学名字
    mysql> select sname from student 
           where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='王尼玛');
    +-----------+
    | sname     |
    +-----------+
    | 张三      |
    | 李四      |
    | 王尼玛    |
    | 张全蛋    |
    | 赵铁柱    |
    +-----------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    42)

    • 查询和王尼玛同性别且同班的同学名字
    mysql> select sname from student 
           where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='王尼玛')    
        -> and class=(select class from student where sname='王尼玛');
    +-----------+
    | sname     |
    +-----------+
    | 张三      |
    | 李四      |
    | 王尼玛    |
    | 张全蛋    |
    +-----------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    43)

    • 查询所有选修‘人工智能’课程的男同学的成绩

    步骤:

    • 先从mysql> select cnumber from course where cname='人工智能';找到cnumber
    • 再从mysql> select snumber from student where ssex='男';找到snumber
    • 然后进行子查询:
    mysql> select degree from score
        -> where cnumber=(select cnumber from course where cname='人工智能')
        -> and snumber in (select snumber from student where ssex='男');
    +--------+
    | degree |
    +--------+
    |     60 |
    +--------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    

    注意:这里snumber有多个要用 in ,只有一个用 =

    44)

    • 使用如下命令建立一个grade表

    ==》第一步:建立一个等级表

    mysql> create table grade(
        -> low int(3),
        -> upp int(3),
        -> grade char(1)
        -> );
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.58 sec)
    
     insert into grade values(90,100,'A');
     insert into grade values(80,89,'B');
     insert into grade values(70,79,'C');
     insert into grade values(60,69,'D');
     insert into grade values(0,59,'E');
     
     mysql> select * from grade;
    +------+------+-------+
    | low  | upp  | grade |
    +------+------+-------+
    |   90 |  100 | A     |
    |   80 |   89 | B     |
    |   70 |   79 | C     |
    |   60 |   69 | D     |
    |    0 |   59 | E     |
    +------+------+-------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    ==》第二步:查询所有同学的snumber、cnumber、和grade列

    mysql> select snumber,cnumber,grade from score,grade
        -> where degree between low and upp order by grade;  #再排个序
    +---------+---------+-------+
    | snumber | cnumber | grade |
    +---------+---------+-------+
    | 106     | 6-166   | A     |
    | 101     | 3-245   | A     |
    | 100     | 3-245   | B     |
    | 102     | 3-105   | B     |
    | 103     | 3-105   | B     |
    | 105     | 6-166   | D     |
    | 104     | 3-245   | D     |
    +---------+---------+-------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fxyadela/p/11604688.html
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