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  • aspnetcore源码学习(一)

    ---恢复内容开始---

    笔者从事netcore相关项目开发已经大半年了,从netcore 1.0到现在3.0大概经过了3年左右的时间,记得netcore刚出来的时候国内相关的学习资料缺乏,限制于外语不大熟练的限制国外的相关书籍看起来相当吃力,于是在当当网上买了一本价值70多的入门书籍,买回来却发现内容都是挂羊头卖狗肉,深深地鄙视这些为了赚钱不顾内容的作者。如今网上相关的学习资料也相当多,笔者也趁着现在不忙,再来学习一下aspnetcore的源码,文章中所用的源码版本是3.0,如果读者下的源码是3.0以下,有些函数会有所区别。

    下图是笔者整理的一个简单类图,以助自己理解源码。

    对象介绍

    WebHostBuilder:负责初始化环境变量,默认设置,指定startup类,创建servicecollection,读取configuration,创建基础服务并注入到DI,加载主机配置(hostingStartup),最主要的创建webhost。

    WebHost:站点主机,加载应用服务,加载应用中间件,开始和停止站点

    WebHostBuilderContext: 上下文,包含环境变量和默认值

    WebHostOptions: 创建webhost的时候使用的参数

    ServiceCollection: 所有服务的储存的集合,添加删除服务

    serviceprovider: 获得服务的实例

    serviceDescriptor: 服务的描述类,所有的服务最后都是转化成该类后注入DI

    关键的对象介绍完了,下面我们来看一下web站点是如何运行起来的。

    •  main函数中创建WebHostBuilder对象
    • 指定startup 

         

     public static IWebHostBuilder UseStartup(this IWebHostBuilder hostBuilder, Type startupType)
            {
                var startupAssemblyName = startupType.GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;
    
                hostBuilder.UseSetting(WebHostDefaults.ApplicationKey, startupAssemblyName);
    
                // Light up the GenericWebHostBuilder implementation
                if (hostBuilder is ISupportsStartup supportsStartup)
                {
                    return supportsStartup.UseStartup(startupType);
                }
    
                return hostBuilder
                    .ConfigureServices(services =>
                    {
                        if (typeof(IStartup).GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(startupType.GetTypeInfo()))
                        {
                            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IStartup), startupType);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IStartup), sp =>
                            {
                                var hostingEnvironment = sp.GetRequiredService<IHostEnvironment>();
                                return new ConventionBasedStartup(StartupLoader.LoadMethods(sp, startupType, hostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName));
                            });
                        }
                    });
            }
    

      

    从代码可以看到,如果这个startup是继承自IStartup,直接注入到DI,如果不是,则用ConventtionBaseStartup进行包装,而该类是继承自IStartup。微软默认的startup类不继承IStartup的,具体的实现细节和原因在后面会具体说明。

    • 加载系统的默认的配置文件,可以通过 ConfigureAppConfiguration扩展方法将自己的配置文件加载到容器里面
     public static IWebHostBuilder ConfigureAppConfiguration(this IWebHostBuilder hostBuilder, Action<IConfigurationBuilder> configureDelegate)
            {
                return hostBuilder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, builder) => configureDelegate(builder));
            }
    

      

    • 创建WebHostBuild上下文
    • 加载web主机配置,寻找程序集中贴有HostingStartupAttribute标签的类并调用Configure方法,在WebHost实例化之前预留的钩子,由于笔者也没有用到过这个功能,就不多赘述了。
     foreach (var assemblyName in _options.GetFinalHostingStartupAssemblies().Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            var assembly = Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName(assemblyName));
    
                            foreach (var attribute in assembly.GetCustomAttributes<HostingStartupAttribute>())
                            {
                                var hostingStartup = (IHostingStartup)Activator.CreateInstance(attribute.HostingStartupType);
                                hostingStartup.Configure(this);
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                           ...
                        }
                    }
    • 创建servicecollection 类,此类存在于整个webhost生命周期,所有的应用服务和系统服务都存储在该类中
    • 添加系统服务,包括环境变量,日志服务,配置服务,监听服务等等
    var services = new ServiceCollection();
                services.AddSingleton(_options);
                services.AddSingleton<IWebHostEnvironment>(_hostingEnvironment);
                services.AddSingleton<IHostEnvironment>(_hostingEnvironment);
    #pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
                services.AddSingleton<AspNetCore.Hosting.IHostingEnvironment>(_hostingEnvironment);
                services.AddSingleton<Extensions.Hosting.IHostingEnvironment>(_hostingEnvironment);
    #pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
                services.AddSingleton(_context);
    
                var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                    .SetBasePath(_hostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
                    .AddConfiguration(_config);
    
                _configureAppConfigurationBuilder?.Invoke(_context, builder);
    
                var configuration = builder.Build();
                services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(configuration);
                _context.Configuration = configuration;
    
                var listener = new DiagnosticListener("Microsoft.AspNetCore");
                services.AddSingleton<DiagnosticListener>(listener);
                services.AddSingleton<DiagnosticSource>(listener);
    
                services.AddTransient<IApplicationBuilderFactory, ApplicationBuilderFactory>();
                services.AddTransient<IHttpContextFactory, DefaultHttpContextFactory>();
                services.AddScoped<IMiddlewareFactory, MiddlewareFactory>();
                services.AddOptions();
                services.AddLogging();
    
                services.AddTransient<IServiceProviderFactory<IServiceCollection>, DefaultServiceProviderFactory>();
    

      

    • 创建 ServiceProvider 类,该类依赖于ServiceCollection,并为其中的服务提供实例
    • 创建使用 ServiceProvider和 ServiceCollection类创建 webhost实例并初始化实例
        var host = new WebHost(
                    applicationServices,
                    hostingServiceProvider,
                    _options,
                    _config,
                    hostingStartupErrors);
                try
                {
                    host.Initialize();
    
                  ...
    
                    return host;
                }
    

      

    初始化实例的时候会调用EnsureApplicationServices的方法。看到_startup.ConfigureServices了没有,对这个就是我们在startup中写的方法。

     private void EnsureApplicationServices()
            {
                if (_applicationServices == null)
                {
                    EnsureStartup();
                    _applicationServices = _startup.ConfigureServices(_applicationServiceCollection);
                }
            } 

    可是他是如何找到这个方法的呢,再看一下EnsureStartup方法,原来是实例化了我们在存在servicecollection中的startup类,前面我们说过,这个类ConventionBasedStartup封装了,所以这里获取的也ConventionBasedStartup类的实例。

      private void EnsureStartup()
            {
                if (_startup != null)
                {
                    return;
                }
    
                _startup = _hostingServiceProvider.GetService<IStartup>();
                ...
            }
    

      

    再让我们看下ConventionBasedStartup的结构,实际上就是将该类作为一个代理来调用我们startup类中的方法

    public class ConventionBasedStartup : IStartup
        {
            private readonly StartupMethods _methods;
    
            public ConventionBasedStartup(StartupMethods methods)
            {
                _methods = methods;
            }
            
            public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
            {
                try
                {
                    _methods.ConfigureDelegate(app);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    if (ex is TargetInvocationException)
                    {
                        ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(ex.InnerException).Throw();
                    }
    
                    throw;
                }
            }
    
            public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            {
                try
                {
                    return _methods.ConfigureServicesDelegate(services);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    if (ex is TargetInvocationException)
                    {
                        ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(ex.InnerException).Throw();
                    }
    
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }
    
    •   主机实例已创建并且相关服务已初始化完成,这时候就可以start()了。可能你会想可是我的中间件还没加载,是的 ,start的时候就是加载中间件并创建监听,让我们来看一下代码
    public virtual async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            {
             ...
    
                var application = BuildApplication();
            ...
      
    
    
            }
    

      

      private RequestDelegate BuildApplication()
            {
                try
                {
                    _applicationServicesException?.Throw();
                    EnsureServer();
    
                    var builderFactory = _applicationServices.GetRequiredService<IApplicationBuilderFactory>();
                    var builder = builderFactory.CreateBuilder(Server.Features);
                    builder.ApplicationServices = _applicationServices;
    Action<IApplicationBuilder> configure = _startup.Configure; ... configure(builder); return builder.Build(); } }

      发现代码中的_startup.Configure了吗!这个就是调用ConventionBasedStartup这个代理类的c方法,也就是我们startup中的Configure方法。这时候笔者当时也产生了一个疑问,这里的委托只有一个参数,可是在实际应用的时候都会加入很多参数,想这样public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env,IXxxx xxxx)。猜想是不是初始化ConventionBasedStartup类的时候做了什么封装,重新回到UseStartup方法

    return new ConventionBasedStartup(StartupLoader.LoadMethods(sp, startupType, hostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName));
    

      

     public static StartupMethods LoadMethods(IServiceProvider hostingServiceProvider, Type startupType, string environmentName)
            {
                var configureMethod = FindConfigureDelegate(startupType, environmentName);
    
                var servicesMethod = FindConfigureServicesDelegate(startupType, environmentName);
                var configureContainerMethod = FindConfigureContainerDelegate(startupType, environmentName);
    
                object instance = null;
                if (!configureMethod.MethodInfo.IsStatic || (servicesMethod != null && !servicesMethod.MethodInfo.IsStatic))
                {
                    instance = ActivatorUtilities.GetServiceOrCreateInstance(hostingServiceProvider, startupType);
                }
    
                // The type of the TContainerBuilder. If there is no ConfigureContainer method we can just use object as it's not
                // going to be used for anything.
                var type = configureContainerMethod.MethodInfo != null ? configureContainerMethod.GetContainerType() : typeof(object);
    
                var builder = (ConfigureServicesDelegateBuilder) Activator.CreateInstance(
                    typeof(ConfigureServicesDelegateBuilder<>).MakeGenericType(type),
                    hostingServiceProvider,
                    servicesMethod,
                    configureContainerMethod,
                    instance);
    
                return new StartupMethods(instance, configureMethod.Build(instance), builder.Build());
            }
    

      哈哈果然 LoadMethods方法将我们写在StartUp中的方法进行了封装并创建了一个新的委托,到此我们也就明白为什么官方推荐的startup类不是继承了Istartup接口的,继承了接口的类在调用时没法将DI中的类注入到方法参数中去,需要自己去获取DI中的实例,笔者设想control类中的注入也是同样的思想实现的。现在我们的所有中间件和服务已经全部加载进入WebHost中了。

    --------行千里路,看万卷书
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/galen-huang/p/10693520.html
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