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  • 某控股公司OA系统ORACLE DG搭建

    *此处安装ORACLE DATAGUARD是利用ORACLE RMAN DUPLICATE方式安装。
    *可以搭建好ORACLE DG再来impdp生产数据，也可以先导入主库数据再来做DG
    *注意看下面的配置文件，此处LISTENER TNSNAMES里的SID_NAME我都是用的db_name的ora，没有测试其它的
    *TNSNAMES的起名orcl_pd orcl_sd我都用用和db_unique_name一样的

    *版本CENTOS6.5  ORACLE11.2.0.4

    1、两台服务器上分别安装数据库软件，只安装软件不安装实例，为了减少复杂度，所有目录都一样
    安装请参考其他文档
    2、在主库上安装数据库实例ORA
    DBCA安装
    修改日志文件大小
    内存分配好
    3、在主库上创建与旧库一样的用户名表空间

    create tablespace ekp
datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora01.dbf'
size 10240M
autoextend on
next 512M 
extent management local;

create temporary tablespace ora_temp 
tempfile'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora_temp.dbf' 
size 10240m 
autoextend on 
next 512m 
extent management local;


create user ora identified by abcABC123 default tablespace ekp temporary tablespace ora_temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to ora;

    4、停止应用，到旧库上导出用户数据

    expdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup dumpfile=oadb1010.dmp logfile=oadbf111.log schemas=ora compression=all

    5、把备份文件拷贝到主库上，创建directory，然后导入数据IMPDP

    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
create or replace directory oa_databackup as '/u01/app/oracle/bakdump';

    6、主库参数修改
    1）开启归档

    shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;

    2)强制写日志

    alter database force logging;

    3)增加备库日志

    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo04.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo05.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo06.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo07.log') size 50M;

    4）监听

    --主库

    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = 1521))
)


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

    --从库

    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = 1521))
)


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

    5）tnsname

    --主库从库一样

    orcl_pd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

orcl_sd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = 1521)) 
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

    6）参数文件

    主库参数

    ora.__db_cache_size=61874372608
ora.__java_pool_size=939524096
ora.__large_pool_size=536870912
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=39325794304
ora.__sga_target=68719476736
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=0
ora.__shared_pool_size=4831838208
ora.__streams_pool_size=134217728
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=39267074048
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=68719476736
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd 
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_sd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE 
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc 
FAL_SERVER=orcl_sd 
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

    从库参数

    ora.__db_cache_size=61874372608
ora.__java_pool_size=939524096
ora.__large_pool_size=536870912
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=39325794304
ora.__sga_target=68719476736
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=0
ora.__shared_pool_size=4831838208
ora.__streams_pool_size=134217728
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=39267074048
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=68719476736
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd 
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_pd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE 
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc 
FAL_SERVER=orcl_pd 
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

    7) impdp 旧数据

    impdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup DUMPFILE=oadb1010.dmp SCHEMAS=ora

    7、 备库操作

    从主课拷贝密码文件initoracle_sid listener.ora tnsname.ora 到从库对应位置，注意修改相对应的内容，如initora.ora修改上面从库增加的内容，listener.ora修改IP。其它一样
    并在从库新建相关目录：

    cd /u01/app/oracle
mkdir archivelog 
mkdir -p oradata/ora
mkdir -p fast_recovery_area/ora
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump

    注意修改etc/hosts

    8、备库duplicate
    备库利用拷贝过来的参数文件启动到nomount

    sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora.ora'

    另开窗口rman duplicate复制

    rman target sys/oracleadmin@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracleadmin@orcl_sd nocatalog
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

    9、打开备库数据库并开启主从复制

    sqlplus / as sysdba
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

    10、检查状态

    正常情况下主库OPEN_MODE 是WIRITE READ 从库是READ ONLY WITH APPLY

    SELECT OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME,SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

    主备库查询下面语句，看看日志是否一致

    SELECT MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

    不一致时，主库切换一下日志在查看

    ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

    11、角色切换SWITCHOVER

    1)主库上
select switchover_status from v$database;
如果状态为SESSION ACTIVE则执行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
如果状态为TO_STANDBY则执行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby
（如果切换失败后要重启一下库）
否则要切换一下日志看看alter system switch logfile;
2)备库上
select switchover_status from v$database
switchover_status 为NOT ALLOWED
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
3)原来主库上
shutdown immediate
startup
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
（上面是开启日志传输，这个是关闭alter database recover managed standby database cancel;）
4)原来备库上
shutdown immediate
startup

    12、failover灾难切换

    假设物理主库宕机，无法启动，紧急启用备库
    直接在备库上操作，将备库转换为主库角色
    备库上执行下面四条命令即可

    SQL > alter database recover managed standby database finish;
SQL > alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL > shutdown immediate;
SQL > startup;

     
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/galengao/p/7685239.html
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