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  • Android View体系(五)从源码解析View的事件分发机制

    1.处理点击事件的方法

    View的层级

    我们知道View的结构是树形的结构,View可以放在ViewGroup中,这个ViewGroup也可以放到另一个ViewGroup中,这样层层的嵌套就组成了View的层级。

    什么是点击事件分发

    当我们点击屏幕,就产生了触摸事件,这个事件被封装成了一个类:MotionEvent。而当这个MotionEvent产生后,那么系统就会将这个MotionEvent传递给View的层级,MotionEvent在View的层级传递的过程就是点击事件分发。

    点击事件分发的重要方法

    点击事件有三个重要的方法它们分别是:

    • dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev):用来进行事件的分发
    • onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev):用来进行事件的拦截,在dispatchTouchEvent()中调用,需要注意的是View没有提供该方法
    • onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev):用来处理点击事件,在dispatchTouchEvent()方法中进行调用

    为了了解这三个方法的关系,我们先来看看ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法的部分源码:

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
          ...省略
               if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                       || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                   final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                   if (!disallowIntercept) {
                       intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                       ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                   } else {
                       intercepted = false;
                   }
               } else {
                   // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                   // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                   intercepted = true;
               }
    
              ...省略
           return handled;
    }
    View Code

    很明显在dispatchTouchEvent()方法中调用了onInterceptTouchEvent()方法来判断是否拦截事件,来看看onInterceptTouchEvent()方法:

    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
           return false;
       }
    View Code

    onInterceptTouchEvent()方法默认返回false,不进行拦截,接着来看看dispatchTouchEvent()方法剩余的部分源码:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
     ...省略
                  final View[] children = mChildren;
                  for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                final int childIndex = customOrder
                                        ? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
                                final View child = (preorderedList == null)
                                        ? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);
    
                                // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                                // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                                // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                                // safer given the timeframe.
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                    if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                        continue;
                                    }
                                    childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                    i = childrenCount - 1;
                                }
    
                                if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                        || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                    ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                    continue;
                                }
    
                                newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                                if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                    // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                    // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                    newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                    break;
                                }
    
                                resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                                if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                    // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                    mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                    if (preorderedList != null) {
                                        // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                        for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                            if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                                mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                                break;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                    }
                                    mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                    mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                    newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                    alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                    break;
                                }
    
                                // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                                // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                            }
    
     ...省略
    
    }
    View Code

    我们看到了for循环,首先遍历ViewGroup的子元素,判断子元素是否能够接收到点击事件,如果子元素能够接收到则交由子元素来处理。接下来看看37行的dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法中实现了什么:

    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
               View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
           final boolean handled;
    
           // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
           // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
           final int oldAction = event.getAction();
           if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
               event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
               if (child == null) {
                   handled = dispatchTouchEvent(event);
               } else {
                   handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
               }
               event.setAction(oldAction);
               return handled;
           }
     ...省略      
    }
    View Code

    如果有子View则调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent(event)方法。如果ViewGroup没有子View则调用super.dispatchTouchEvent(event),ViewGroup是继承View的,我们再来看看View的dispatchTouchEvent(event):

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
          ...省略
           boolean result = false;
           if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
               //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
               ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
               if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                       && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                       && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                   result = true;
               }
    
               if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                   result = true;
               }
           }
        ...省略
           return result;
       }
    View Code

    我们看到如果OnTouchListener不为null并且onTouch()方法返回true,则表示事件被消费,就不会执行onTouchEvent(event),否则就会执行onTouchEvent(event)。再来看看onTouchEvent()方法的部分源码

    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
         ...省略
           final int action = event.getAction();
           if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
                   (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) ||
                   (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) {
               switch (action) {
                   case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                       boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                       if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                           // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
                           // touch mode.
                           boolean focusTaken = false;
                          
                           if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                               // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                               removeLongPressCallback();
    
                               // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                               if (!focusTaken) {
                                   // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                                   // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                                   // of the view update before click actions start.
                                   if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                       mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                                   }
                                   if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                       performClick();
                                   }
                               }
                           }
          ...省略    
           }
           return true;
          }          
          return false;
       }
    View Code

    上面可以看到只要View的CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE一个为true,那么onTouchEvent就会返回true消耗这个事件。CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE代表View可以被点击和长按点击,可以通过View的setClickable和setLongClickable方法来设置,也可以通过View的setOnClickListenter和setOnLongClickListener来设置,他们会自动将View的设置为CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE。
    接着在ACTION_UP事件会调用performClick()方法:

    public boolean performClick() {
        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }
    
        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
        return result;
    }
    View Code

    如果View设置了点击事件OnClickListener,那么它的onClick()方法就会被执行。

    2.点击事件分发的传递规则

    看到这里我们就可以知道点击事件分发的这三个重要方法的关系,用伪代码来简单表示就是:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    boolean result=false;
    if(onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)){
          result=onTouchEvent(ev);
    
     }else{
          result=child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }
    return result;
    View Code

    点击事件由上而下的传递规则

    当点击事件产生后会由Activity来处理在传递给Window再传递给顶层的ViewGroup,一般在事件传递中只考虑ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent()方法,因为一般情况我们不会去重写dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
    对于根ViewGroup,点击事件首先传递给它的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,如果该ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent()方法返回true,则表示它要拦截这个事件,这个事件就会交给它的onTouchEvent()方法处理,如果onInterceptTouchEvent()方法返回false,则表示它不拦截这个事件,则交给它的子元素的dispatchTouchEvent()来处理,如此的反复下去。如果传递给最底层的View,View是没有子View的,就会调用View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,一般情况下最终会调用View的onTouchEvent()方法。

    举个现实的例子,就是我们的应用产生了重大的bug,这个bug首先会汇报给技术总监那:

    技术总监(顶层ViewGroup)→技术经理(中层ViewGroup)→工程师(底层View)
    技术总监不拦截,把bug分给了技术经理,技术经理不拦截把bug分给了工程师,工程师没有下属只有自己处理了。
    事件由上而下传递返回值规则为:true,拦截,不继续向下传递;false,不拦截,继续向下传递。

    点击事件由下而上的传递规则

    点击事件传给最底层的View,如果他的onTouchEvent()方法返回true,则事件由最底层的View消耗并处理了,如果返回false则表示该View不做处理,则传递给父View的onTouchEvent()处理,如果父View的onTouchEvent()仍旧返回返回false,则继续传递给改父View的父View处理,如此的反复下去。

    再返回我们现实的例子,工程师发现这个bug太难搞不定(onTouchEvent()返回false),他只能交给上级技术经理处理,如果技术经理也搞不定(onTouchEvent()返回false),那就把bug传给技术总监,技术总监一看bug很简单就解决了(onTouchEvent()返回true)。

    事件由下而上传递返回值规则为:true,处理了,不继续向上传递;false,不处理,继续向上传递。

    点击事件传递时的其他问题

    • 上面源码我们看到:如果我们设置了OnTouchListener并且onTouch()方法返回true,则onTouchEvent()方法不会被调用,否则则会调用onTouchEvent()方法,可见OnTouchListener的优先级要比onTouchEvent()要高。在OnTouchEvent()方法中,如果当前设置了OnClickListener则会执行它的onClick()方法。
    • View的OnTouchEvent()方法默认都会返回true,除非它是不可点击的也就是CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE都为false。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ganchuanpu/p/6034413.html
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