【LeetCode】338. Counting Bits (2 solutions)

Counting Bits

Given a non negative integer number num. For every numbers i in the range 0 ≤ i ≤ num calculate the number of 1's in their binary representation and return them as an array.

Example:
For num = 5 you should return [0,1,1,2,1,2].

Follow up:

• It is very easy to come up with a solution with run time O(n*sizeof(integer)). But can you do it in linear time O(n) /possibly in a single pass?
• Space complexity should be O(n).
• Can you do it like a boss? Do it without using any builtin function like __builtin_popcount in c++ or in any other language.

Show Hint 

Credits:
Special thanks to @ syedee for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

解法一：

按照定义做，注意，x&(x-1)可以消去最右边的1

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> countBits(int num) {
        vector<int> ret;
        for(int i = 0; i <= num; i ++)
            ret.push_back(countbit(i));
        return ret;
    }
    int countbit(int i)
    {
        int count = 0;
        while(i)
        {
            i &= (i-1);
            count ++;
        }
        return count;
    }
};

解法二：

对于[2^k, 2^(k+1)-1]区间，可以划分成前后两部分

前半部分与[2^(k-1), 2^k-1]内的值相同，后半部分与[2^(k-1), 2^k-1]内值+1相同。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> countBits(int num) {
        vector<int> ret;
        
        ret.push_back(0);
        if(num == 0)
        // start case 1
            return ret;
        ret.push_back(1);
        
        if(num == 1)
        // start case 2
            return ret;

        // general case
        else
        {
            int k = 0;
            int result = 1;
            while(result-1 < num)
            {
                result *= 2;
                k ++;
            }
            // to here, num∈ [2^(k-1),2^k-1]
            int gap = pow(2.0, k) - 1 - num;
            for(int i = 0; i < k-2; i ++)
            {// infer from [2^i, 2^(i+1)-1] to [2^(i+1), 2^(i+2)-1]
                // copy part
                for(int j = pow(2.0, i); j <= pow(2.0, i+1)-1; j ++)
                    ret.push_back(ret[j]);
                // plus 1 part
                for(int j = pow(2.0, i); j <= pow(2.0, i+1)-1; j ++)
                    ret.push_back(ret[j]+1);
            }
            for(int i = 0; i < pow(2.0, k-1) - gap; i ++)
            {
                int j = pow(2.0, k-2) + i;
                if(i < pow(2.0, k-2))
                // copy part
                    ret.push_back(ret[j]);
                else
                // plus 1 part
                    ret.push_back(ret[j]+1);
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
};