GNU make manual 翻译(五十二)

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   However, on occasion you might actually wish to prevent updating of  
even the makefiles.  You can do this by specifying the makefiles as
goals in the command line as well as specifying them as makefiles. 
When the makefile name is specified explicitly as a goal, the options 
`-t' and so on do apply to them.                        
                        
   Thus, `make -f mfile -n mfile foo' would read the makefile `mfile',
print the recipe needed to update it without actually running it, and 
then print the recipe needed to update `foo' without running that.  The 
recipe for `foo' will be the one specified by the existing contents of 
`mfile'.

但是，有一种情形，你可能希望防止更新makefile。你可以把这些makefile在 命令行里指定为 终点。

当 makefile名字被显式地指定为一个终点时，选项-t之类的会对makefile起作用。

因此， make -f mfile -n mfile foo  将要读取名为mfile的 makefile，打印出能够改变mfile的片段但并不实际执行这些片段，并且然后打印出能够改变foo的片段但并不实际执行这些片段。foo相关的片段是 mfile的片段中的一部分。 

后文待续