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  • FutureTask详解

    CAS:http://huangyunbin.iteye.com/blog/1942369

    Future:http://blog.csdn.net/liulipuo/article/details/39029643

    知识储备CAS

    CAS基于冲突检测的无锁并发策略,性能也较高。CAS操作有3个操作数,内存值M,预期值E,新值U,如果M==E,则将内存值修改为B,否则啥都不做。

    public class TestUnsafe {
    
      private static Unsafe unsafe;
      static{
        try {
          //通过反射获取rt.jar下的Unsafe类
          Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
          field.setAccessible(true);  
          unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null); 
        } catch (Exception e) {
          System.out.println("Get Unsafe instance occur error"+ e);  
        }
      } 
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  
      {  
          Class clazz = Target.class;  
          Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();  
          System.out.println("fieldName:fieldOffset");  
          for (Field f : fields) {  
              // 获取属性偏移量,可以通过这个偏移量给属性设置  
              System.out.println(f.getName() + ":" + unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f));  
          }  
          Target target = new Target();  
          Field intFiled  =  clazz.getDeclaredField("intParam")  ;  
          int a=(Integer)intFiled.get(target ) ;  
          System.out.println("原始值是:"+a);  
          //intParam的字段偏移是12 原始值是3 我们要改为10  
          System.out.println(unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(target, 12, 3, 10));  
          int b=(Integer)intFiled.get(target) ;  
          System.out.println("改变之后的值是:"+b);  
    
          //这个时候已经改为10了,所以会返回false  
          System.out.println(unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(target, 12, 3, 10));  //false
          //判断target对象的偏移量24位置,即strParam,如果该变量值=null,则给strParam赋值5
          System.out.println(unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(target, 24, null, "5"));     //true
      }  
    }  
      
    
    class Target{
      int intParam=3;  
      long longParam;  
      String strParam;  
      String strParam2;  
    }

     测试结果:

    FutureTask

    futureTask的异步计算功能就不介绍了,主要分析源码,下图是futureTask的结构:

     

    NEW                            新建            0
    COMPLETING             执行中        1
    NORMAL                    正常            2
    EXCEPTIONAL            异常            3
    CANCELLED                取消            4
    INTERRUPTING        中断中        5
    INTERRUNPED            被中断        6
    state的状态变化可以有四种方式
    NEW->COMPLETING->NORMAL                            正常完成的流程
    NEW->COMPLETING->EXCEPTIONAL                出现异常的流程
    NEW->CANCELED                                                  被取消
    NEW->INTERRUNPING->INTERRRUNPTED        被中断

    创建FutureTask

     public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
            if (callable == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            this.callable = callable;
            //state初始化NEW状态
            this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
        }

    run方法:

     1  public void run() {
     2 //如果当前state不是创建状态,且已经在运行。则直接return。
     3         if (state != NEW ||
     4             !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
     5                                          null, Thread.currentThread()))
     6             return;
     7 //开始执行任务
     8         try {
     9             Callable<V> c = callable;
    10   //创建状态,且callable不为空,开始执行调用call()
    11             if (c != null && state == NEW) {
    12                 V result;
    13                 boolean ran;
    14                 try {
    15                     result = c.call();
    16                     ran = true;
    17                 } catch (Throwable ex) {
    18                     result = null;
    19                     ran = false;
    20                     setException(ex);
    21                 }
    22 //成功调用任务,执行set()方法
    23                 if (ran)
    24                     set(result);
    25             }
    26         } finally {
    27             // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
    28             // prevent concurrent calls to run()
    29 //无论是否成功,都要把runner设置为null
    30             runner = null;
    31             // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
    32             // leaked interrupts
    33             int s = state;
    34             if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
    35                 handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
    36         }
    37     }

    接下来看一下24行的set方法:

     1 protected void set(V v) {
     2 //CAS设置state  NEW  ->  COMPLETING
     3         if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
     4 //结果赋值outcome
     5             outcome = v;
     6 //CAS将state设置为NORMAL
     7             UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
     8 //唤醒所有的等待线程,同时设置callable=null,调用done(),具体实现后面详细介绍
     9             finishCompletion();
    10         }
    11     }

    cancel()取消

     1     public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
     2 //如果state已经不是NEW 或者NEW不能设置成INTERRUPTING , 则直接返回false 。
     3         if (!(state == NEW &&
     4               UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW,
     5                   mayInterruptIfRunning ? INTERRUPTING : CANCELLED)))
     6             return false;
     7         try {    // in case call to interrupt throws exception
     8 //如果是可中断 那么就 调用系统中断方法 然后把状态设置成INTERRUPTED
     9             if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
    10                 try {
    11                     Thread t = runner;
    12                     if (t != null)
    13 //中断执行线程
    14                         t.interrupt();
    15                 } finally { // final state
    16 //最后设置state为INTERRUPTED
    17                     UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED);
    18                 }
    19             }
    20         } finally {
    21             finishCompletion();
    22         }
    23         return true;
    24     }

    再来看一下get操作:

     public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
            if (unit == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            int s = state;
    //如果还没完成,并且等待timeout也没有完成,则抛出超时异常
            if (s <= COMPLETING &&
                (s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
                throw new TimeoutException();
            return report(s);
        }

    awaitDone()操作来如何实现超时,已经完成但未超时,则结束等待返回结果,看具体代码:

        private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
            throws InterruptedException {
    //超时时间点
            final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
            WaitNode q = null;
            boolean queued = false;
    //循环执行
            for (;;) {
    //中断处理
                if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    throw new InterruptedException();
                }
    
                int s = state;
    //首先判断是否完成,如果完成,直接返回state结果
                if (s > COMPLETING) {
                    if (q != null)
                        q.thread = null;
                    return s;
                }
                else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
                    Thread.yield();
    //未完成执行,则将当前线程(主线程)设置成等待节点并放入到等待队列中
                else if (q == null)
                    q = new WaitNode();
    //将waiters设置成q的next节点,并替换,改操作只做一次,将main线程加入到队列中,只加一次
    else if (!queued) queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q.next = waiters, q); //如果启动了超时等待 else if (timed) { //计算剩余超时时间 nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime(); //超时,移除队列中的等待线程,返回state,上层判断state,并报出超时异常 if (nanos <= 0L) { removeWaiter(q); return state; } //还未超时,则等待nanos时间,然而如果task执行接受,并不会一直等待,在run()中的set()中,会执行finishCompleted(),将对待队列线性唤醒,调用LockSupport.unpark()方法来唤醒等待线程 LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos); } else //未启用超时功能,在未完成callable,则无限期等待 LockSupport.park(this); } }

     最后看一下finishCompletion()方法,调用callable,是如何唤醒main线程

    private void finishCompletion() {
            // assert state > COMPLETING;
    //遍历等待队列
            for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
    //将waiters的头结点中线程设置null,即移除某个等待线程
                if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
                    for (;;) {
                        Thread t = q.thread;
    //如果等待线程不为null  调用LockSupport.unpark(t)唤醒,然后操作下一个等待线程
                        if (t != null) {
                            q.thread = null;
                            LockSupport.unpark(t);
                        }
                        WaitNode next = q.next;
                        if (next == null)
                            break;
                        q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                        q = next;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
    
            done();
    
            callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
        }

    至此,FutureTask的源码解析已经完成,接下来看一下开源对于异步处理的解决方案。

    举一反三:

    ChannelFuture

    ListenableFuture

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaojy/p/7237167.html
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