Win10 环境下 pip 安装失败的问题“Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。”

软件环境

Python 3.6.8  (很可能 Python2.7.x 也有类似问题)

Win10

问题描述

C:UserspeterpanDesktop>pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ jinja2
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting jinja2
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/27/24/4f35961e5c669e96f6559760042a55b9bcfcdb82b9bdb3c8753dbe042e35/Jinja2-2.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/27/24/4f35961e5c669e96f6559760042a55b9bcfcdb82b9bdb3c8753dbe042e35/Jinja2-2.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 73kB/s
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from jinja2)
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/b9/82/833c7714951bff8f502ed054e6fbd8bd00e083d1fd96de6a46905cf23378/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, jinja2
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'c:\program files\python36\Lib\site-packages\markupsafe'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

问题根源

Win10 对 Python 安装位置的系统权限限定问题。(导致此问题的原因是，安装 Python 时没有勾选 Install for all users)

解决方案一

仅安装给 current user 使用

C:UserspeterpanDesktop>pip install --user -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ jinja2

安装包会安装在 C:UserspeterpanAppDataRoamingPythonPython36site-packages 下。

解决方案二

修改文件夹 C:Program FilesPython36Libsite-packages 权限，让其获得读写权限，然后就可以直接安装

C:UserspeterpanDesktop>pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ jinja2

安装包会安装在 C:Program FilesPython36Libsite-packages 下。

完。