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  • Day14_数据结构和集合(下)

    Day14_数据结构和集合(下)

    HashSet

    底层:数组+链表

    优点

    查询,删除,增加快

    JDK1.8之后,链表长度超过8时,变成红黑树,目的是为了查询效率高

    import java.util.HashSet;
    
    public class Demo01 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //数据类型是Integer时,直接将数值大小取余,根据余数的值选择对应的存储位置,
            //然后比较是否有相同的值,若有相同的值,就不新增;若无相同的值,就新增。
            //数据类型是其他数据类型时,通过函数将数据转成整型的值,然后进行取余,存储等操作。
            //数据类型是自定的类是,重写hashCode()和equals(),然后进行取余,存储等操作。
            HashSet<Integer> hs=new HashSet<Integer>();
            hs.add(12);
            hs.add(9);
            hs.add(12);
            hs.add(4);
            hs.add(27);
            hs.add(8);
            System.out.println(hs);
            System.out.println(hs.size());
        }
    }
    

    输出

    //无序(不按输入顺序输出),唯一
    [4, 8, 9, 27, 12]
    5
    

    TreeSet

    底层:二叉树(红黑树)

    自定义的类放入集合中,要实现内部比较器或者外部比较器

    import java.util.TreeSet;
    
    public class Demo01 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TreeSet<Integer> ts=new TreeSet<Integer>();
            ts.add(12);
            ts.add(6);
            ts.add(15);
            ts.add(3);
            ts.add(12);
            ts.add(1);
            //无序(没有按照输入顺序输出),有序(按照从大到小的顺序输出),唯一
            System.out.println(ts);
            System.out.println(ts.size());
        }
    }
    

    输出

    [1, 3, 6, 12, 15]
    5
    

    TreeSet

    自定义类放入集合中,要实现内部比较器或者外部比较器。

    内部比较器

    Student类:

    import java.util.Comparator;
    
    public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private double height;
    
        public Student(String name, double height,int age) {
            this.setName(name);
            this.setAge(age);
            this.setHeight(height);
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public double getHeight() {
            return height;
        }
    
        public void setHeight(double height) {
            this.height = height;
        }
    
        //重写toString方法
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +name +"," + age + "," +height + '}';
        }
    
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Student o) {
            //定义规则
            //按照年龄
            //return this.getAge()-o.getAge();
            //按照身高
            //return ((Double)this.getHeight()).compareTo((Double)o.getHeight());
            //按照姓名
            return this.getName().compareTo(o.getName());
        }   
    }
    

    测试:

    import java.util.TreeSet;
    
    public class Demo02 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TreeSet<Student> ts = new TreeSet<Student>();
            ts.add(new Student("blili",150.9,15));
            ts.add(new Student("clili",190.9,19));
            ts.add(new Student("blili",170.9,14));
            ts.add(new Student("alili",160.9,21));
    
            System.out.println(ts);
            System.out.println(ts.size());
        }
    }
    

    输出:

    [Student{alili,21,160.9}, Student{blili,15,150.9}, Student{clili,19,190.9}]
    3
    

    外部比较器

    Student类

    import java.util.Comparator;
    
    public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private double height;
    
        public Student(String name, double height,int age) {
            this.setName(name);
            this.setAge(age);
            this.setHeight(height);
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public double getHeight() {
            return height;
        }
    
        public void setHeight(double height) {
            this.height = height;
        }
    
        //重写toString方法
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +name +"," + age + "," +height + '}';
        }
    }
    
    class Compare01 implements Comparator<Student> {
        @Override
        //根据身高
        public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
            com.shan.TreeSet.Student s1=(com.shan.TreeSet.Student) o1;
            com.shan.TreeSet.Student s2=(com.shan.TreeSet.Student) o2;
            return ((Double)s1.getHeight()).compareTo((Double)s2.getHeight());
        }
    
    }
    
    class Compare02 implements Comparator<Student> {
    
        @Override
        //根据年龄
        public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
            com.shan.TreeSet.Student s1=(com.shan.TreeSet.Student) o1;
            com.shan.TreeSet.Student s2=(com.shan.TreeSet.Student) o2;
            return s1.getAge()-s2.getAge();
        }
    }
    

    测试

    import java.util.Comparator;
    import java.util.TreeSet;
    
    public class Demo03 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //新建一个比较器
            Comparator<Student> com=new Compare02();
            //将新建的比较器传进去
            TreeSet<Student> ts=new TreeSet<Student>(com);
    
            ts.add(new Student("blili",150.9,15));
            ts.add(new Student("clili",190.9,19));
            ts.add(new Student("blili",170.9,14));
            ts.add(new Student("alili",160.9,21));
    
            System.out.println(ts);
            System.out.println(ts.size());
        }
    }
    

    输出

    //按照年龄排序
    [Student{blili,14,170.9}, Student{blili,15,150.9}, Student{clili,19,190.9}, Student{alili,21,160.9}]
    4
    

    匿名内部类

    Student类只须有基本的属性即可,直接在新建TreeSet对象时将方法compareTo()重写。

    import java.util.Comparator;
    import java.util.TreeSet;
    
    public class Demo04 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TreeSet<Student> ts=new TreeSet<Student>(new Comparator<Student>(){
    
                @Override
                public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
                    return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
                }
            });
    
            ts.add(new Student("blili",150.9,15));
            ts.add(new Student("clili",190.9,19));
            ts.add(new Student("blili",170.9,14));
            ts.add(new Student("alili",160.9,21));
    
            System.out.println(ts);
            System.out.println(ts.size());
        }
    }
    

    输出:

    按照姓名排序
    [Student{alili,21,160.9}, Student{blili,15,150.9}, Student{clili,19,190.9}]
    3
    

    Map

    import java.util.Collection;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    public class Demo05 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //HashMap特点:按照key来说的,key底层遵照的是哈希表(散列表)原理---key唯一,无序(不按输入顺序输出)
            //如果将一个自定义类放入key中,这个类要重写hashCode()方法和equals()方法
            Map<Integer,String> m=new HashMap<Integer,String>();
            m.put(1001,"lili");
            m.put(340,"lulu");
            m.put(980,"nana");
            m.put(1001,"feifei");
            m.put(580,"mingming");
            System.out.println(m);
            System.out.println(m.size());
    
            //对集合遍历
            //对key进行遍历:
            Set<Integer> keySet=m.keySet();
            for (Integer i:keySet) {
                System.out.print(i+"	");
            }
            System.out.println();
            //对value进行遍历:
            Collection<String> values=m.values();
            for (String s:values) {
                System.out.print(s+"	");
            }
            System.out.println();
            //通过对key进行遍历,输出所有的value
            for (Integer i:keySet) {
                System.out.print(m.get(i)+"	");
            }
            System.out.println();
            //对key,value成对遍历
            Set<Map.Entry<Integer,String>> es=m.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<Integer,String> en:es) {
                System.out.println(en.getKey()+":"+en.getValue());
            }
        }
    }
    

    输出:

    //1001=feifei是由于1001是唯一的,故1001是语句`m.put(1001,"lili");`中的1001,
    //但后面的值不是唯一的,故lili被feifei替换掉,feifei是语句`m.put(1001,"feifei")`中的feifei.
    {340=lulu, 980=nana, 580=mingming, 1001=feifei}
    4
    340	980	580	1001	
    lulu	nana	mingming	feifei	
    lulu	nana	mingming	feifei	
    340:lulu
    980:nana
    580:mingming
    1001:feifei
    

    HashMap:效率高,线程不安全,key或者value允许为空。

    Hashtable:效率低,线程安全,key或者value都不允许为空。

    LinkedHashMap:有序(按输入顺序输出),唯一。

    HashSet是以HashMap为基础。

    TreeMap

    底层:key遵照二叉树(红黑树原理)。

    如果是自定义类作为key存放的话,要实现内部比较器或者外部比较器。

    Collections类

    构造器是private类型,不能创建对象。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaoyao/p/13590682.html
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