KVO的概述的使用

一，概述

KVO,即：Key-Value Observing，它提供一种机制，当指定的对象的属性被修改后，则对象就会接受到通知。简单的说就是每次指定的被观察的对象的属性被修改后，KVO就会自动通知相应的观察者了。

二，使用方法

系统框架已经支持KVO，所以程序员在使用的时候非常简单。

1. 注册，指定被观察者的属性，

2. 实现回调方法

3. 移除观察

三，实例:

假设一个场景,股票的价格显示在当前屏幕上，当股票价格更改的时候，实时显示更新其价格。

1.定义DataModel，

 

@interface StockData : NSObject {
    NSString * stockName;
    float price;
}
@end
@implementation StockData
@end

@interface StockData : NSObject {
    NSString * stockName;
    float price;
}
@end
@implementation StockData
@end

 

2.定义此model为Controller的属性，实例化它，监听它的属性，并显示在当前的View里边

 

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    stockForKVO = [[StockData alloc] init];
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"searph" forKey:@"stockName"];
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"10.0" forKey:@"price"];
    [stockForKVO addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"price" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew|NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:NULL];

    myLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 30 )];
    myLabel.textColor = [UIColor redColor];
    myLabel.text = [stockForKVO valueForKey:@"price"];
    [self.view addSubview:myLabel];

    UIButton * b = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    b.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 30);
    [b addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:b];

}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    stockForKVO = [[StockData alloc] init];
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"searph" forKey:@"stockName"];
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"10.0" forKey:@"price"];    
    [stockForKVO addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"price" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew|NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:NULL];

    myLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 30 )];
    myLabel.textColor = [UIColor redColor];
    myLabel.text = [stockForKVO valueForKey:@"price"];
    [self.view addSubview:myLabel];
   
    UIButton * b = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    b.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 30);
    [b addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:b];

}

3.当点击button的时候，调用buttonAction方法，修改对象的属性

 

-(void) buttonAction
{
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"20.0" forKey:@"price"];
}

-(void) buttonAction
{
    [stockForKVO setValue:@"20.0" forKey:@"price"];
}

 

4. 实现回调方法

 

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context
{
    if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"price"])
    {
        myLabel.text = [stockForKVO valueForKey:@"price"];
    }
}

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context
{
    if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"price"])
    {
        myLabel.text = [stockForKVO valueForKey:@"price"];
    }
}

 

5.增加观察与取消观察是成对出现的，所以需要在最后的时候，移除观察者

 

- (void)dealloc
{
    [super dealloc];
    [stockForKVO removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"price"];
    [stockForKVO release];
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [super dealloc];
    [stockForKVO removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"price"];
    [stockForKVO release];
}

 

四，小结

KVO这种编码方式使用起来很简单，很适用与datamodel修改后，引发的UIVIew的变化这种情况，就像上边的例子那样，当更改属性的值后，监听对象会立即得到通知。