server重新启动后，rac1集群无法启动，rac2正常启动：
[root@rac1 ~]# ps -ef|grep ora
grid 3975 1 0 16:42 ?
00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/oraagent.bin
root 3998 3692 0 16:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora
[grid@rac2 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCH.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.racdb.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Dec 16 16:47:58 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
Enter user-name: exit
Enter password:
[oracle@rac1 ~]$
遭遇ORA-12547错误。一般为权限问题，发现集群文件夹权限变了。可能有人为错误导致：
[root@rac1 cdata]# cd /u01/
[root@rac1 u01]# ls -lhrt
total 40K
drwx------ 2 mongodb mongodb 16K Aug 14 2013 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 8 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 19 2013 grid_anzhuangbao
drwxr-xr-x 66 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 20 2013 grid11g
drwxrwx--- 6 grid oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 oraInventory
drwxr-xr-x 9 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Dec 25 2013 grid
drwxr-xr-x 5 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Jan 6 2014 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x 9 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov 27 14:45 oracle
更改权限为合适的权限：
[root@rac1 u01]# chown grid:oinstall grid -R
[root@rac1 u01]# chown grid:oinstall grid11g -R
[root@rac1 u01]# ls -lhrt
total 40K
drwx------ 2 mongodb mongodb 16K Aug 14 2013 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 8 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 19 2013 grid_anzhuangbao
drwxr-xr-x 66 grid oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 grid11g
drwxrwx--- 6 grid oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 oraInventory
drwxr-xr-x 9 grid oinstall 4.0K Dec 25 2013 grid
drwxr-xr-x 5 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Jan 6 2014 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x 9 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov 27 14:45 oracle
重新启动机器：
[root@rac1 u01]# reboot
集群起来。可是实例没有启动：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora
grid 3699 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/oraagent.bin
root 3845 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 4017 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4032 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_ocr (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4036 1 0 17:03 ?
00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_+asm1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4040 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_o000_+asm1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4160 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/oraagent.bin
root 4164 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 4210 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4212 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4214 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root 4286 4052 0 17:04 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 4287 4286 0 17:04 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 4887 4287 0 17:05 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 4888 4287 0 17:05 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora
[grid@rac2 u01]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCH.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type 0/5 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type 0/1 0/2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.racdb.db ora....se.type 0/2 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
手动登录数据库，依旧遭遇ORA-12547，某些文件权限可能依旧有问题：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Dec 16 17:06:08 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
Enter user-name: exit
Enter password:
[oracle@rac1 ~]$
[oracle@rac1 11g]$ cd /u01/
[oracle@rac1 u01]$ ls -lhrt
total 40K
drwx------ 2 mongodb mongodb 16K Aug 14 2013 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 8 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 19 2013 grid_anzhuangbao
drwxr-xr-x 66 grid oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 grid11g
drwxrwx--- 6 grid oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 oraInventory
drwxr-xr-x 9 grid oinstall 4.0K Dec 25 2013 grid
drwxr-xr-x 5 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Jan 6 2014 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x 9 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov 27 14:45 oracle
[oracle@rac1 u01]$ cd oracle/
[oracle@rac1 oracle]$ ls -lrht
total 28K
drwxrwxr-x 11 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 20 2013 diag
drwxr-xr-x 2 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 20 2013 checkpoints
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4.0K Aug 20 2013 admin
drwxr-x--- 5 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Aug 20 2013 cfgtoollogs
drwxr-xr-x 73 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Nov 5 15:47 11g
drwxr-xr-x 2 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Nov 27 14:59 chtest
drwxr-xr-x 2 mongodb mongodb 4.0K Dec 15 18:45 expdp
ORACLE_HOME文件夹下文件权限有问题。更改权限：
[oracle@rac1 oracle]$ cd ..
[oracle@rac1 u01]$ chown oracle:oinstall -R oracle
重新启动server：
[root@rac1 u01]# reboot
[root@rac1 u01]# ps -ef|grep ora
grid 3674 1 0 17:13 ? 00:00:01 /u01/grid11g/bin/oraagent.bin
root 3956 1 0 17:13 ? 00:00:03 /u01/grid11g/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 4139 1 0 17:14 ?
00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4321 1 0 17:14 ?
00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_ocr (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4325 1 0 17:14 ?
00:00:00 oracle+ASM1_asmb_+asm1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4434 1 0 17:14 ? 00:00:00 /u01/grid11g/bin/oraagent.bin
root 4441 1 0 17:14 ? 00:00:03 /u01/grid11g/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 4482 1 0 17:14 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4487 1 0 17:14 ?
00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grid 4498 1 0 17:14 ? 00:00:00 oracle+ASM1 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root 5906 5595 0 17:24 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora
奇怪。实例依旧无法重新启动，sqlplus 连接不再报12547，尝试启动实例。报错例如以下：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Dec 16 17:48:12 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/RACDB/spfileRACDB.ora'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/RACDB/spfileRACDB.ora
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
SQL> exit
Disconnected
依据网上说，为$GRID_HOME/bin/oracle权限问题引起：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/grid11g/bin/
[grid@rac1 bin]$ ls -lhrt orac
ls: orac: No such file or directory
[grid@rac1 bin]$ ls -lhrt ora
ls: ora: No such file or directory
[grid@rac1 bin]$ pwd
/u01/grid11g/bin
[grid@rac1 bin]$ ls -lhrt oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 grid oinstall 195M Aug 20 2013 oracle
[grid@rac1 bin]$ pwd
/u01/grid11g/bin
改动权限：
[grid@rac1 bin]$ chmod 6751 oracle
[grid@rac1 bin]$ ls -lhrt oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 grid oinstall 195M Aug 20 2013 oracle
[grid@rac1 bin]$ exit
logout
[root@rac1 oracleasm]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ exit
logout
[root@rac1 oracleasm]# su - grid
正常启动实例：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d racdb -i RACDB1
[grid@rac1 ~]$
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCH.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type 0/5 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type 0/1 0/2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.racdb.db ora....se.type 0/2 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCH.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ONLINE ONLINE rac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.racdb.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[grid@rac1 ~]$
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string RACDB
db_unique_name string RACDB
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string RACDB1
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
service_names string RACDB
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL>