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  • Java四种线程池的使用

    Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
    newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
    newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
    newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
    newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

    (1) newCachedThreadPool
    创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       try {  
        Thread.sleep(index * 1000);  
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         System.out.println(index);  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    } 

    线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。

    (2) newFixedThreadPool
    创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         try {  
          System.out.println(index);  
          Thread.sleep(2000);  
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
          e.printStackTrace();  
         }  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    }

    因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
    定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

    (3)  newScheduledThreadPool
    创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
      scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {  
       public void run() {  
        System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");  
       }  
      }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
     }  
    }

    表示延迟3秒执行。

    定期执行示例代码如下:

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
      scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {  
       public void run() {  
        System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");  
       }  
      }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
     }  
    }

    表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。

    (4) newSingleThreadExecutor
    创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         try {  
          System.out.println(index);  
          Thread.sleep(2000);  
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
          e.printStackTrace();  
         }  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    }

    结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。

    转摘自:http://cuisuqiang.iteye.com/blog/2019372

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/geningchao/p/6634744.html
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