【sql server自动化】sql server自动化备份

【1】备份SP

    
use master
go

    
if object_id('Generalization_Backup') is not null
drop procedure Generalization_Backup;
go
    
set ANSI_NULLS ON
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
go

    
create PROCEDURE [dbo].[Generalization_Backup]
    @Database_Name NVARCHAR(50),        --输入_备份数据库名称
    @Bakup_Type varchar(200),           --输入_备份类型:full完整,diff差异备份,tran事务日志
    @Bakup_PATH_DIR NVARCHAR(200),        --输入_备份文件夹URL
    @Out_Message NVARCHAR(400) OUT      --输出_输出消息
as
begin
    DECLARE @Bakup_Dir NVARCHAR(200),  --备份路径上级目录
            @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX),         --动态语句
            @Day NCHAR(8),              --备份时间(年月日)
            @Date NCHAR(11),            --备份时间(年月日_小时)
            @Path NVARCHAR(200),        --备份路径
            @Bakup_name NVARCHAR(100),   --备份文件名
            @Bakup_Folder NVARCHAR(200), --备份文件夹名
            @bakup_URL nvarchar(1000)
            

--判断数据库名是否正确    
    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 NULL FROM master.sys.databases WHERE NAME=@Database_Name)
    BEGIN
            SET @Out_Message='未找到名为'+@Database_Name+'的数据库,请检查输入数据库名'
            RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
            RETURN -1
    END

--创建备份文件夹    
    EXEC MASTER.dbo.xp_create_subdir @Bakup_PATH_DIR

--验证备份文件夹是否创建成功
    declare @create_dir_info table (folder varchar(500),tree_high int)

    SELECT @Bakup_Dir=LEFT(@Bakup_PATH_DIR,LEN(@Bakup_PATH_DIR)-charindex('',REVERSE(@Bakup_PATH_DIR),2)+1)
    select @Bakup_Folder=SUBSTRING( @Bakup_PATH_DIR,LEN(@Bakup_PATH_DIR)-charindex('',REVERSE(@Bakup_PATH_DIR),2)+2,charindex('',REVERSE(@Bakup_PATH_DIR),2)-2)
    insert into @create_dir_info exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree @Bakup_Dir,1,0
    
    if not exists(select 1 from @create_dir_info where folder = @Bakup_Folder)
    begin
         SET @Out_Message='新建备份文件夹'+@Bakup_PATH_DIR+' 失败！'
         RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
         RETURN -1
    end
    
--全备
    declare @disk varchar(100),@dbsize_GB decimal(18,3),@disk_freeSize_GB decimal(18,3)
    declare @disk_info table (drive varchar(100),size_MB int)
--获取磁盘分区及对应大小    
    insert into @disk_info
    exec master.dbo.xp_fixeddrives
--获取我们要备份的数据库现在有多大
    select @dbsize_GB=cast(sum(t1.size*8.0/1024/1024) as decimal(18,3))
    from master.sys.master_files t1
    join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.database_id=t2.database_id
    where t2.name=@Database_Name

--判断当前磁盘空间是否充足,阀值为被备份的数据库+20G
    select @disk=left(@Bakup_PATH_DIR,1)
    select @disk_freeSize_GB=cast(size_MB/1024.0 as decimal(18,3)) from @disk_info where drive=@disk
    if @disk_freeSize_GB<@dbsize_GB+20
    begin
        SET @Out_Message='备份路径：'+@Bakup_PATH_DIR+' 磁盘空间不足（少于备份数据库大小+20G）！'
         RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
         RETURN -1
    end
    
    declare @create_sondir varchar(1000)

    if @Bakup_Type='full'
    begin
        --创建备份子文件夹    
        
        set @create_sondir=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''
        EXEC MASTER.dbo.xp_create_subdir @create_sondir
            begin try
                select @Bakup_name=@database_name+'_'+@bakup_type+'_'+convert(char(8),getdate(),112)
                set @bakup_URL=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''+@Bakup_name+'.bak'
                set @sql='backup database '+@database_name+' to disk='''+@bakup_URL+''' with init'
                exec(@sql)
                
            end try
            
            BEGIN CATCH
                SET @Out_Message='系统输出了错误信息,错误信息为:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()+';错误号为:'+CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS NVARCHAR(10))+',执行失败!'
                RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
                RETURN -1
            END CATCH
            
    end
    
    if @Bakup_Type='diff'
    begin
        --创建备份子文件夹    
        set @create_sondir=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''
        EXEC MASTER.dbo.xp_create_subdir @create_sondir
            begin try
                select @Bakup_name=@database_name+'_'+@bakup_type+'_'+convert(char(8),getdate(),112)+'_'+cast(datepart(hour,getdate()) as varchar)
                set @bakup_URL=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''+@Bakup_name+'.bak'
                set @sql='backup database '+@database_name+' to disk='''+@bakup_URL+''' with init,differential'
                exec(@sql)
                
            end try
            
            BEGIN CATCH
                SET @Out_Message='系统输出了错误信息,错误信息为:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()+';错误号为:'+CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS NVARCHAR(10))+',执行失败!'
                RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
                RETURN -1
            END CATCH
            
    end
    
    if @Bakup_Type='tran'
    begin
        --创建备份子文件夹    
        set @create_sondir=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''
        EXEC MASTER.dbo.xp_create_subdir @create_sondir
            begin try
                select @Bakup_name=@database_name+'_'+@bakup_type+'_'+convert(char(8),getdate(),112)+'_'+replace(CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 24),':','')
                set @bakup_URL=@Bakup_PATH_DIR+@Database_Name+''+@Bakup_name+'.trn'
                set @sql='backup log '+@database_name+' to disk='''+@bakup_URL+''' with init'
                exec(@sql)
                
            end try
            
            BEGIN CATCH
                SET @Out_Message='系统输出了错误信息,错误信息为:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()+';错误号为:'+CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS NVARCHAR(10))+',执行失败!'
                RAISERROR (@Out_Message,16,1)
                RETURN -1
            END CATCH
            
    end
    set @Out_Message='OK'

end

【2】全备代码

/*
    需求：如果数据库小的，就每天备份一次，数据库大的就每周做一次全备，大小阀值为10G
*/
use master
go
--select *　from master..small_db
--select * from master..big_db
--select * from master..backup_info
--select * from master..tran_db
--select * from master..diff_db

set nocount on
go
--【1】构造临时存放表
--构造小数据库 small_db
    if object_id('small_db') is not null
    begin
        drop table small_db
    end

        
    ;with temp1 as (
        select t2.name,sum(t1.size*8.0/1024/1024) as size_GB,case when isnumeric(right(t2.name,6) )=0 then t2.name+'_300000' else t2.name end as temp_name
        from master.sys.master_files t1
        join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.database_id=t2.database_id
        where  t2.name not in ('tempdb','model')
        group by t2.name
    )
    ,temp2 as 
    (
        select *,  row_number() over(partition by left(t2.temp_name,len(t2.temp_name)-7) order by cast(right(t2.temp_name,6) as int) desc)  as rn
        from temp1 t2
        
    )
    select t2.name,t2.size_GB,row_number() over(order by t2.size_GB) as rn,0 as flag
    into master..small_db
    from temp2 t2 
    where rn=1 
    and size_GB<=10 --区分大数据库与小数据库的阀值，单位GB

--构造大数据库 big_db
    if object_id('big_db') is not null
    begin
        drop table big_db;
    end

        ;with temp1 as (
        select t2.name,sum(t1.size*8.0/1024/1024) as size_GB,case when isnumeric(right(t2.name,6) )=0 then t2.name+'_300000' else t2.name end as temp_name
        from master.sys.master_files t1
        join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.database_id=t2.database_id
        where  t2.name not in ('tempdb','model')
        group by t2.name
        )
        ,temp2 as 
        (
            select *,  row_number() over(partition by left(t2.temp_name,len(t2.temp_name)-7) order by cast(right(t2.temp_name,6) as int) desc)  as rn
            from temp1 t2
            
        )
        select t2.name,t2.size_GB,row_number() over(order by t2.size_GB) as rn,0 as flag
        into master..big_db
        from temp2 t2 
        where rn=1 
        and size_GB>10 --区分大数据库与小数据库的阀值，单位GB
    

-- 构造日志记录表 backup_info
    if object_id('backup_info') is  null
    create table backup_info(
        db_name varchar(100),
        recovery_date varchar(20),
        operate varchar(50),
        msg varchar(4000),
        flag  as case when msg='OK' then 1 else 0 end
    )


--【2】delcare 定义相关变量 与 初始化
use master
go
    declare @bak_path varchar(300),@db_name varchar(300),@operate_type varchar(50)
    declare @rn int,@rn_count int
    declare @flag int
    declare @msg varchar(4000)
    
　　--指定备份目录
    set @bak_path='d:DB_AUTO_BAK'
        
    
    
--【3】小数据库    备份
    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from master..small_db
    
    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin
            set @operate_type='full'
            select @db_name=name,@flag=flag from master..small_db where rn = @rn
            
            begin try
            if @flag=0
            begin
                exec master..[Generalization_Backup] 
                @Database_Name=@db_name,
                @Bakup_Type=@operate_type,
                @Bakup_PATH_DIR=@bak_path,
                @Out_Message= @msg output    
                if @msg='OK' 
                    update  master..small_db set flag=1  where rn=@rn
            end
            end try
            begin catch
            if @msg='ok'
                    set @msg='operate fail!'
                insert into backup_info(db_name,recovery_date,operate,msg) values(@db_name,convert(char(10),getdate(),120),@operate_type,@msg);
            end catch

            set @rn=@rn+1
    end
    
    
--【4】大数据库    备份
    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from master..big_db
    
    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin

            select @db_name=name,@flag=flag from master..big_db where rn = @rn
            set @operate_type='full'
            
            if exists(
                select 1 from msdb..backupset 
                where type='D' and datediff(day,backup_start_date,getdate())<=7 
                and  database_name=@db_name) and @db_name!='master'
            begin
                set @rn=@rn+1
                continue
            end
            
                
            
            
            begin try
            if @flag=0
            begin
                exec master..[Generalization_Backup] 
                @Database_Name=@db_name,
                @Bakup_Type=@operate_type,
                @Bakup_PATH_DIR=@bak_path,
                @Out_Message= @msg output
                if @msg='OK' 
                    update  master..big_db set flag=1 where rn=@rn
            end
            end try
            begin catch
                if @msg='ok'
                    set @msg='operate fail!'
                insert into backup_info(db_name,recovery_date,operate,msg) values(@db_name,convert(char(10),getdate(),120),@operate_type,@msg);
            end catch
            
            set @rn=@rn+1
    end    
    
    
    

【3】差异备代码

--备份策略
/*
6小时备份一次，一天备份4次
*/


/*
--查看当前所需要的备份库有多大
    select sum(size_GB)
        from
        (
            select t2.name,sum(t1.size*8.0/1024/1024) as size_GB ,row_number() over(partition by left(t2.name,len(t2.name)-7) order by cast(right(t2.name,6) as int) desc) as rn
            from master.sys.master_files t1
            join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.database_id=t2.database_id
            where isnumeric(right(t2.name,6))=1 and t2.name not in ('tempdb','model')
            group by t2.name
            union all
            select t2.name,sum(t1.size*8.0/1024/1024) as size_GB,row_number() over(partition by t2.name order by t2.name) as rn
            from master.sys.master_files t1
            join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.database_id=t2.database_id
            where isnumeric(right(t2.name,6))=0 and t2.name not in ('tempdb','model')
            group by t2.name
            
        ) t2
        where  rn=1
        
--查看磁盘剩余空间
    exec master..xp_fixeddrives
*/

use master
go
--select *　from master..small_db
--select * from master..big_db
--select * from master..backup_info
--select * from master..tran_db
--select * from master..diff_db

set nocount on
go
--【1】构造临时表
    if object_id('diff_db') is not null
        drop table master..diff_db
    select *,row_number() over(order by name) as rn,0 as flag
    into master..diff_db
    from 
    (
        select name,size_GB from master..big_db
        union all
        select name,size_GB from master..small_db
    ) t

--【2】delcare 定义相关变量 与 初始化
use master
go
    declare @bak_path varchar(300),@db_name varchar(300),@operate_type varchar(50)
    declare @rn int,@rn_count int
    declare @flag int
    declare @msg varchar(4000)
    
    set @bak_path='d:DB_AUTO_BAK'
        
    
    
--【3】差异    备份
    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from master..diff_db
    
    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin
            
            select @db_name=name,@flag=flag 
            from master..diff_db where rn = @rn
            
             if exists(select 1 from msdb..backupset where type='D' and datediff(day,backup_start_date,getdate())<=7 and  database_name=@db_name) and @db_name!='master'
            set @operate_type='diff'
            
            begin try
            if @flag=0
            begin
                exec master..[Generalization_Backup] 
                @Database_Name=@db_name,
                @Bakup_Type=@operate_type,
                @Bakup_PATH_DIR=@bak_path,
                @Out_Message= @msg output    
                if @msg='OK' 
                    update  master..diff_db set flag=1  where rn=@rn
            end
            end try
            begin catch
            if @msg='ok'
                    set @msg='operate fail!'
                insert into backup_info(db_name,recovery_date,operate,msg) values(@db_name,convert(char(10),getdate(),120),@operate_type,@msg);
            end catch

            set @rn=@rn+1
    end
    

【4】事务日志备代码

use master;
--每15分钟备份一次

--【2】delcare 定义相关变量 与 初始化


        declare @bak_path varchar(300),@db_name varchar(300),@operate_type varchar(50)
        declare @rn int,@rn_count int
        declare @flag int
        declare @msg varchar(4000)
        
        set @bak_path='d:DB_AUTO_BAK'
            
if object_id('small_db') is not null and object_id('big_db') is not null and object_id('backup_info') is not null
begin

    if object_id('tran_db') is not null
        drop table tran_db
        
    select t1.*,row_number() over(order by t1.name ) as rn
    into master..tran_db
    from (
        select name,size_GB from master..small_db
        union all
        select name,size_GB from master..big_db
    ) t1
    join master.sys.databases t2 on t1.name=t2.name
    where t2.recovery_model_desc!='simple'

        
        
--【3】数据库    tran 备份

    
        set @rn=1
        select @rn_count=count(1) from master..tran_db
        
        while @rn<=@rn_count
        begin
                
            select @db_name=name  from master..tran_db where rn = @rn
                
            if exists(select 1 from msdb..backupset where type='D' and datediff(day,backup_start_date,getdate())<=7 and  database_name=@db_name) 
            begin    

                set @operate_type='tran'
                
                begin try

                    print @rn
                    exec master..[Generalization_Backup] 
                    @Database_Name=@db_name,
                    @Bakup_Type=@operate_type,
                    @Bakup_PATH_DIR=@bak_path,
                    @Out_Message= @msg output    
                    if @msg!='OK' 
                        insert into backup_info(db_name,recovery_date,operate,msg) values(@db_name,convert(char(20),getdate(),120),@operate_type,@msg);
                end try
                begin catch
                    insert into backup_info(db_name,recovery_date,operate,msg) values(@db_name,convert(char(10),getdate(),120),@operate_type,@msg);
                end catch
            end
            set @rn=@rn+1
            
        end
        
    

end

--select * from  backup_info

【5】删除过期备份文件

--
/*
每天一次，5点开始执行
*/
--[1]get #temp1 tale 
use master
go
if object_id('diff_db') is not null
begin
    select name,row_number() over(order by name)  as  rn
    into #temp1
    from master..diff_db

    DECLARE @oldDate DATETIME
    declare @bak_path nvarchar(300)
    declare @rn int,@rn_count int
    declare @db_name varchar(200),@URL varchar(1000)

    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from #temp1
    set @bak_path=N'd:DB_AUTO_BAK'
    SET @oldDate = GETDATE()-7
    
--sql server2005

    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin
        select @db_name=name   from #temp1 where @rn=rn
        set @URL=@bak_path+@db_name+''
        
        EXECUTE MASTER.dbo.xp_delete_file 
        0, --0: 备份文件，1: 维护计划文本报告
        @URL, --文件路径
        N'trn', --文件扩展名
        @oldDate --在此时间之前的文件一律删除
        
        
        EXECUTE MASTER.dbo.xp_delete_file 
        0, --0: 备份文件，1: 维护计划文本报告
        @URL, --文件路径
        N'bak', --文件扩展名
        @oldDate --在此时间之前的文件一律删除
        
        
        
        set @rn=@rn+1
    end

--sql server 2008及以上
/*
    EXECUTE MASTER.dbo.xp_delete_file 
        0, --0: 备份文件，1: 维护计划文本报告
        @URL, --文件路径
        N'trn', --文件扩展名
        @oldDate, --在此时间之前的文件一律删除
        1 -- 0: URL下的文件   1：URL下的文件及所有子文件夹下的文件
*/
end    
    
    

【6】收缩日志

/*
/*
每天一次，5点开始执行
*/
*/

use master
go
--drop table #temp2
    SELECT t1.name AS logic_name,t2.name ,row_number() over(order by t2.name)  as  rn
    into #temp2
    FROM master.sys.master_files t1  
    JOIN master.sys.databases t2 ON t1.database_id=t2.database_id
    WHERE type_desc='LOG' 

    DECLARE @oldDate DATETIME
    declare @bak_path nvarchar(300)
    declare @rn int,@rn_count int
    declare @db_name varchar(200),@logic_name VARCHAR(200)

    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from #temp2
    
    
    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin
        select @db_name=name,@logic_name=logic_name   from #temp2 where @rn=rn
        
        EXEC('USE '+@db_name+';dbcc shrinkfile('+@logic_name+',10);')
        set @rn=@rn+1
    end
    

【7】清理备份记录 和 作业执行记录

--清理固定时间之前所有的备份历史记录
USE msdb;  
GO  
EXEC sp_delete_backuphistory @oldest_date = '2020-08-01';  


--清理固定时间之前所有作业的历史记录
USE msdb ; 
GO 
EXEC dbo.sp_purge_jobhistory @oldest_date='2020-08-01'; 
GO

参考官网：

sp_delete_backuphistory    sp_purge_jobhistory