Struts Hello World Example

In this tutorial we show you how to develop a hello world web application using classic Struts 1.3 framework.

Tools and technologies used :

• Struts 1.3.10
• Maven 2.x
• Eclipse 3.6

Final project structure

Let’s see the final folder structure first.

1. Maven Template

Generate a quick start Java project structure with Maven command “mvn archetype:generate“, select template 18 for a simple Java web project template.

Define value for groupId: : com.mkyong.common
Define value for artifactId: : StrutsExample
Define value for version:  1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
Define value for package:  com.mkyong.common: : com.mkyong.common
...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1 minute 5 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Thu Apr 08 11:29:30 SGT 2010
[INFO] Final Memory: 8M/14M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. pom.xml file configuration

Add the Struts dependencies in pom.xml. In Struts 1.x, you need the struts-core.jar for core module and struts-taglib.jar for tag library.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
  http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mkyong.common</groupId>
  <artifactId>StrutsExample</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>StrutsExample Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
	  <artifactId>struts-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.10</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
	  <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.10</version>
    </dependency>
   
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>StrutsExample</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

3. Eclipse IDE

Convert this project to Eclipse web project with Maven command “mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=1.5“. All the Struts dependent libraries will automatically download into your Maven local repository, link it in your project classpath, and convert it to Eclipse’s web project style.

E:workspacestrutsStrutsExample>mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=1.5
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'eclipse'.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building StrutsExample Maven Webapp

Just import it into Eclipse IDE.

4. Action Form

Create a Struts Action Form to hold the “hello world” data later.

package com.mkyong.common.form;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

public class HelloWorldForm extends ActionForm{
	
	String message;

	public String getMessage() {
		return message;
	}

	public void setMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
	}
	
}

5. Action (Controller)

Create a Struts Action (Action Controller) file to control how Struts will forward the request, just override the execute() method with your own logic here.

package com.mkyong.common.action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

import com.mkyong.common.form.HelloWorldForm;

public class HelloWorldAction extends Action{
	
	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
		HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
        throws Exception {
		
		HelloWorldForm helloWorldForm = (HelloWorldForm) form;
		helloWorldForm.setMessage("Hello World! Struts");
		
		return mapping.findForward("success");
	}
	
}

6. JSP view page

Create a JSP page and access the Action Form object via Struts tag library and print it’s message property.

<%@taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean"%>

7. struts-config.xml

Create a struts-config.xml file for the Struts configuration details, and put it into the WEB-INF folder.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC 
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN" 
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">

<struts-config>

	<form-beans>
	   <form-bean name="helloWorldForm" 
		type="com.mkyong.common.form.HelloWorldForm"/>
	</form-beans>

	<action-mappings>
	   <action path="/helloWorld"
		type="com.mkyong.common.action.HelloWorldAction"
		name="helloWorldForm">
		<forward name="success" path="/HelloWorld.jsp"/>
			
	   </action>
	</action-mappings>

</struts-config>

Define a form bean named “helloWorldForm” and action controller mapping “HelloWorldAction“, match the /helloWorld web path to HelloWorldAction. It’s means all the request from /helloWorldweb path will redirect toHelloWorldAction. The “name” attribute is use to define which action form will pass to this HelloWorldAction`.

8. The Web Application Deployment Descriptor

In web.xml file, configure the Struts ActionServlet instance and map it with url-pattern “*.do”, so that the container is aware of all the “*.do” pattern will redirect to Struts ActionServlet.

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Maven Struts Examples</display-name>
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>config</param-name>
        <param-value>
         /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml
        </param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
    
  <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

9. Java EE Module dependency (Optional)

If you want to do the debugging work in Eclipse IDE, you have to make sure the Java EE module dependencies is checked so that the Eclipse will deploy all the dependencies into correct folder. See details here.

10. Run it

In Eclipse IDE, create a new server plugin and start it. You can access this example in the following URL.

    http://localhost:8080/StrutsExample/helloWorld.do

HttpServletRequest class not found?

If you hit above error, make sure you include the javaee.jar (exists in your JDK/lib folder). Due to license issue, this javaee.jar is not able to use Maven to download it, you have to include it manually.