zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • varchar int 查询 到底什么情况下走索引?

    一个字符类型的、一个int类型的,查询的时候到底会不会走索引,其实很多工作了几年的开发人员有时也会晕,下面就用具体事例来测试一下。

    1.  准备工作

    先准备2张表,以备后续测试使用。

    表1:创建表test1,总共3列,其中id 是主键(int),c_no 为int型,且有索引,c_2为普通字段

    /*创建表test1 */
    create table  test1(id int primary key,c_no  int ,c_2 varchar(1),key c_no(c_no));
    
    /* 插入一些测试数据 */
    insert  into test1 values(1,1,'0'),(2,2,'1'),(3,4,'1'),(4,6,'0'),(5,7,''1),(6,11,'2'),(7,5,'3'),(8,100,'0'),(9,30,'1'),(10,50,'0');

    表2: 创建表test1,总共3列,其中id 是主键(int),c_no 为字符型,且有索引,c_2为普通字段

    /* 创建test2 */
    create table  test2(id int primary key  auto_increment,c_no  varchar(11) ,c2 varchar(2),key c_no(c_no));
    
    /* 插入一些测试数据 */
     insert  into test2 values(1,'5','1'),(4,'100','0'),(3,'30','1'),(10,'500','0'),(11,'20','0'),(12,'20a','0'),(15,'020b','1');

    两张表的差异是c_no的字段类型不同。

    2.    等值查询测试

    2.1  测试test1

    test1.c_no字段为int类型,下面分别用整型和字符串进行比较,查看是否走索引。对应的执行计划如下:

    mysql> explain  select *  from test1 where c_no='100';
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test1 | NULL       | ref  | c_no          | c_no | 5       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> explain  select *  from test1 where c_no=100;
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test1 | NULL       | ref  | c_no          | c_no | 5       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    可见,两种方式均走索引了,且走的是c_no的索引,类型为ref为const(常量的等值查询),扫行数为1

    也就是说当表中的字段类型为整型时,无论查询用字符串类型的数字还是int类型的数字均能走索引。其中用int类型的值查询能走索引可以容易理解,那么,字符型的为什么能走? 其实这里的字符类型做了隐式转化,上例中就相当于

    mysql> explain  select *  from test1 where c_no=CAST('100' as UNSIGNED);
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test1 | NULL       | ref  | c_no          | c_no | 5       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    2.2  测试 test2 表

    以同样的方式测试一下test2的查询情况

    先测试正常情况下字符型与字符型比较,结果可想而知,可以走索引,如下:

    mysql> explain  select *  from test2 where c_no='100';
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test2 | NULL       | ref  | c_no          | c_no | 47      | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    而,如果是整型再查呢?结果如下(很遗憾,不能走索引了)

    mysql> explain  select *  from test2 where c_no=100;
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test2 | NULL       | ALL  | c_no          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    7 |    14.29 | Using where |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    1 row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)

    也就是说,表中字段为字符类型的时候,查询的值为整型时,无法走索引了

    那这句相当于如下情况:

    mysql> explain  select *  from test2 where cast(c_no  as  unsigned)=100;
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test2 | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    7 |   100.00 | Using where |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    也就是c_no做了隐式转化。因为如果是100做了影视转化,那么结果应该是可以走索引,例如:

    mysql> explain  select *  from test2 where c_no=cast(100 as char);
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | test2 | NULL       | ref  | c_no          | c_no | 47      | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
    +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    由此,我们也应证了如果字段做了函数计算后,该列上即使有索引也无法使用(MySQL8.0之前的版本)。

    2.3  进一步测试

    其实针对test2表 还可以测试一点,进一步证明是c_no字段做了隐式转化,例如:

    mysql> select  * from test2 where c_no=20;
    +----+------+------+
    | id | c_no | c2   |
    +----+------+------+
    | 11 | 20   | 0    |
    | 12 | 20a  | 0    |
    | 15 | 020b | 1    |
    +----+------+------+
    3 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

    另外,看到了2个警告,内容如下:

    mysql> show warnings;
    +---------+------+------------------------------------------+
    | Level   | Code | Message                                  |
    +---------+------+------------------------------------------+
    | Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '20a'  |
    | Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '020b' |
    +---------+------+------------------------------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    更加证明了转化为数字型(预转为double)

    3.  小结

    通过上面的简单测试,即可发现如下结论:

    • 当表中的字段类型为整型时,无论查询用字符串类型的数字还是int类型的数字均能走索引;
    • 表中字段为字符类型的时候,查询的值为整型时,无法走索引;
    • 如果字段做了函数计算后,该列上即使有索引也无法使用(MySQL8.0之前的版本)

    因此开发同学在写SQL的时候要注意SQL的写法,缺少一个单引号可能导致很大的性能差异。

  • 相关阅读:
    kafka控制测试发送接收消息
    Kafka 启动报错java.io.IOException: Can't resolve address.
    java问题 2019
    java各种面试问题
    java 架构师
    开源的13个Spring Boot 优秀学习项目!超53K星,一网打尽!
    Dubbo 18 问
    Synchronized用于线程间的数据共享,而ThreadLocal则用于线程间的数据隔离。
    XMind2TestCase 工具,提供了一个高效测试用例设计的解决方案(开源)
    windows下面安装Python和pip终极教程
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gjc592/p/12616781.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看