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  • STL算法 常用遍历算法查找

     

    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    #include<algorithm>
    #include<vector>
    
    void print01(int val) 
    {
        cout << val << "";
    }
    
    class print02 
    {
    public:
        void operator()(int val) 
        {
            cout << val << " ";
        }
    
    };
    
    //for_each 基本用法
    void test01() 
    {
        vector<int>v;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10;i++) 
        {
            v.push_back(i);
        }
    
        //遍历算法
        for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print01);
        cout << endl;
        for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print02());
        cout << endl;
    }
    int main() {
    
    
        test01();
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    
    }

    #include<vector>
    #include<algorithm>
    
    //常用遍历算法  搬运 transform
    
    class TransForm
    {
    public:
        int operator()(int val)
        {
            return val;
        }
    
    };
    
    class MyPrint
    {
    public:
        void operator()(int val)
        {
            cout << val << " ";
        }
    };
    
    void test01()
    {
        vector<int>v;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            v.push_back(i);
        }
    
        vector<int>vTarget; //目标容器
    
        vTarget.resize(v.size()); // 目标容器需要提前开辟空间
    
        transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTarget.begin(), TransForm());
    
        for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), MyPrint());
    }
    
    int main() {
    
        test01();
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
    }
    ```
    
    **总结:** 搬运的目标容器必须要提前开辟空间,否则无法正常搬运
    **算法简介:**
    
    - `find`                     //查找元素
    - `find_if`               //按条件查找元素
    - `adjacent_find`    //查找相邻重复元素
    - `binary_search`    //二分查找法
    - `count`                   //统计元素个数
    - `count_if`             //按条件统计元素个数
    
    
    
    
    #### 5.2.1 find
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 查找指定元素,找到返回指定元素的迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器end()
    
    
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `find(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `
    
      // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    
      // value 查找的元素
    
    
    
    
    
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    void test01() {
    
        vector<int> v;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            v.push_back(i + 1);
        }
        //查找容器中是否有 5 这个元素
        vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
        if (it == v.end()) 
        {
            cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
        }
        else 
        {
            cout << "找到:" << *it << endl;
        }
    }
    
    class Person {
    public:
        Person(string name, int age) 
        {
            this->m_Name = name;
            this->m_Age = age;
        }
        //重载==
        bool operator==(const Person& p) 
        {
            if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) 
            {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
    public:
        string m_Name;
        int m_Age;
    };
    
    void test02() {
    
        vector<Person> v;
    
        //创建数据
        Person p1("aaa", 10);
        Person p2("bbb", 20);
        Person p3("ccc", 30);
        Person p4("ddd", 40);
    
        v.push_back(p1);
        v.push_back(p2);
        v.push_back(p3);
        v.push_back(p4);
    
        vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2);
        if (it == v.end()) 
        {
            cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
        }
        else 
        {
            cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl;
        }
    }
    ```
    
    总结: 利用find可以在容器中找指定的元素,返回值是**迭代器**
    #### 5.2.2 find_if
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 按条件查找元素
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `find_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);  `
    
      // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    
      // _Pred 函数或者谓词(返回bool类型的仿函数)
    
    
    
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    
    //内置数据类型
    class GreaterFive
    {
    public:
        bool operator()(int val)
        {
            return val > 5;
        }
    };
    
    void test01() {
    
        vector<int> v;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            v.push_back(i + 1);
        }
    
        vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
        if (it == v.end()) {
            cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << "找到大于5的数字:" << *it << endl;
        }
    }
    
    //自定义数据类型
    class Person {
    public:
        Person(string name, int age)
        {
            this->m_Name = name;
            this->m_Age = age;
        }
    public:
        string m_Name;
        int m_Age;
    };
    
    class Greater20
    {
    public:
        bool operator()(Person &p)
        {
            return p.m_Age > 20;
        }
    
    };
    
    void test02() {
    
        vector<Person> v;
    
        //创建数据
        Person p1("aaa", 10);
        Person p2("bbb", 20);
        Person p3("ccc", 30);
        Person p4("ddd", 40);
    
        v.push_back(p1);
        v.push_back(p2);
        v.push_back(p3);
        v.push_back(p4);
    
        vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
        if (it == v.end())
        {
            cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl;
        }
    }
    
    int main() {
    
        //test01();
    
        test02();
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
    }
    ```
    
    总结:find_if按条件查找使查找更加灵活,提供的仿函数可以改变不同的策略
    #### 5.2.3 adjacent_find
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 查找相邻重复元素
    
    
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `adjacent_find(iterator beg, iterator end);  `
    
      // 查找相邻重复元素,返回相邻元素的第一个位置的迭代器
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    
    void test01()
    {
        vector<int> v;
        v.push_back(1);
        v.push_back(2);
        v.push_back(5);
        v.push_back(2);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(3);
    
        //查找相邻重复元素
        vector<int>::iterator it = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
        if (it == v.end()) {
            cout << "找不到!" << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << "找到相邻重复元素为:" << *it << endl;
        }
    }
    ```
    
    总结:面试题中如果出现查找相邻重复元素,记得用STL中的adjacent_find算法
    #### 5.2.4 binary_search
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 查找指定元素是否存在
    
    
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `
    
      // 查找指定的元素,查到 返回true  否则false
    
      // 注意: 在**无序序列中不可用**
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    
      // value 查找的元素
    
    
    
    
    
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    
    void test01()
    {
        vector<int>v;
    
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            v.push_back(i);
        }
        //二分查找
        bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),2);
        if (ret)
        {
            cout << "找到了" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "未找到" << endl;
        }
    }
    
    int main() {
    
        test01();
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
    }
    ```
    
    **总结:**二分查找法查找效率很高,值得注意的是查找的容器中元素必须的有序序列
    #### 5.2.5 count
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 统计元素个数
    
    
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `count(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `
    
      // 统计元素出现次数
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    
      // value 统计的元素
    
    
    
    
    
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    
    //内置数据类型
    void test01()
    {
        vector<int> v;
        v.push_back(1);
        v.push_back(2);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(5);
        v.push_back(3);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(4);
    
        int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 4);
    
        cout << "4的个数为: " << num << endl;
    }
    
    //自定义数据类型
    class Person
    {
    public:
        Person(string name, int age)
        {
            this->m_Name = name;
            this->m_Age = age;
        }
        bool operator==(const Person & p)
        {
            if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        string m_Name;
        int m_Age;
    };
    
    void test02()
    {
        vector<Person> v;
    
        Person p1("刘备", 35);
        Person p2("关羽", 35);
        Person p3("张飞", 35);
        Person p4("赵云", 30);
        Person p5("曹操", 25);
    
        v.push_back(p1);
        v.push_back(p2);
        v.push_back(p3);
        v.push_back(p4);
        v.push_back(p5);
        
        Person p("诸葛亮",35);
    
        int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
        cout << "num = " << num << endl;
    }
    int main() {
    
        //test01();
    
        test02();
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
    }
    ```
    
    **总结:** 统计自定义数据类型时候,需要配合重载 `operator==`
    #### 5.2.6 count_if
    
    **功能描述:**
    
    * 按条件统计元素个数
    
    **函数原型:**
    
    - `count_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);  `
    
      // 按条件统计元素出现次数
    
      // beg 开始迭代器
    
      // end 结束迭代器
    
      // _Pred 谓词
    **示例:**
    
    ```C++
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    
    class Greater4
    {
    public:
        bool operator()(int val)
        {
            return val >= 4;
        }
    };
    
    //内置数据类型
    void test01()
    {
        vector<int> v;
        v.push_back(1);
        v.push_back(2);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(5);
        v.push_back(3);
        v.push_back(4);
        v.push_back(4);
    
        int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater4());
    
        cout << "大于4的个数为: " << num << endl;
    }
    
    //自定义数据类型
    class Person
    {
    public:
        Person(string name, int age)
        {
            this->m_Name = name;
            this->m_Age = age;
        }
    
        string m_Name;
        int m_Age;
    };
    
    class AgeLess35
    {
    public:
        bool operator()(const Person &p)
        {
            return p.m_Age < 35;
        }
    };
    void test02()
    {
        vector<Person> v;
    
        Person p1("刘备", 35);
        Person p2("关羽", 35);
        Person p3("张飞", 35);
        Person p4("赵云", 30);
        Person p5("曹操", 25);
    
        v.push_back(p1);
        v.push_back(p2);
        v.push_back(p3);
        v.push_back(p4);
        v.push_back(p5);
    
        int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeLess35());
        cout << "小于35岁的个数:" << num << endl;
    }
    
    
    int main() {
    
        //test01();
    
        test02();
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
    }
    ```
    
    **总结:**按值统计用count,按条件统计用count_if
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gjianli/p/15353017.html
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