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  • 【转】LayoutInflater——80%的Android程序员对它并不了解甚至错误使用

    这个标题起的有点夸张哈,但是LayoutInflater这个类的一些用法,在Android开发者使用的过程中,确实存在着一些很普遍的误区,最起码我研究的这么多小项目的源代码,基本上都在错误的使用这个类。今天,看到了一篇文章讲LayoutInflater的用法,瞬间感觉自己对这个类确实不够了解,于是简单的看了下LayoutInflater类的源代码,对这个类有了新的认识。

    首先,LayoutInflater这个类是用来干嘛的呢?

    我们最常用的便是LayoutInflater的inflate方法,这个方法重载了四种调用方式,分别为:

    1. public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root)

    2. public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

    3.public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root)

    4.public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

    这四种使用方式中,我们最常用的是第一种方式,inflate方法的主要作用就是将xml转换成一个View对象,用于动态的创建布局。虽然重载了四个方法,但是这四种方法最终调用的,还是第四种方式。第四种方式也很好理解,内部实现原理就是利用Pull解析器,对Xml文件进行解析,然后返回View对象。

    我们以我们经常使用的第一种形式为例,你在重写BaseAdapter的getView方法的时候是否这样做过

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    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        if (convertView == null) {
            convertView = inflate(R.layout.item_row, null);
        }
        return convertView;
    }

    inflate方法有三个参数,分别是

    1.resource 布局的资源id

    2.root 填充的根视图

    3.attachToRoot 是否将载入的视图绑定到根视图中

    在这个例子中,我们将root参数设为空,功能确实实现了,但是这里还隐藏着一个隐患,这种方式并不是inflate正确的使用姿势,下面我们通过一个Demo,来说一下这样使用造成的弊端。

    首先,我们建立一个这样的项目

    <喎�"http://www.2cto.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">vcD4KPHA+1eLA78j9uPa958Pmo6zSu7j21ve958Pmo6zBvbj2suLK1L3nw+ajrLK8vtbOxLz+1tCjrNb3vefD5ta7uLrU8L3nw+bM+Neqo6zBvbj2suLK1L3nw+a2vMrH0ru49rzytaW1xExpc3R2aWV3o6xpdGVtsry+1s/Uyr7Qp7n7yOfPwjwvcD4KPHA+PGltZyBzcmM9"http://www.2cto.com/uploadfile/Collfiles/20140701/20140701085327132.jpg" alt="">

    对应的布局文件如下

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    <!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?-->
    <linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="60dp" android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_light" android:gravity="center" android:orientation="vertical">
     
        <textview android:id="@+id/tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="11" android:textcolor="@android:color/black" android:textsize="22sp">
     
    </textview></linearlayout>


    OneActivity的代码如下

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    public class OneActivity extends Activity {
     
        private ListView list1;
     
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_one);
            list1 = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list1);
            list1.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(this));
        }
     
        private class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
     
            private LayoutInflater inflater;
     
            MyAdapter(Context context) {
                inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
            }
     
            @Override
            public int getCount() {
                return 20;
            }
     
            @Override
            public Object getItem(int position) {
                return position;
            }
     
            @Override
            public long getItemId(int position) {
                return position;
            }
     
            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
     
                if (convertView == null) {
                    convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list, null);
                }
                TextView tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
                tv.setText(position+"");
                return convertView;
            }
     
        }
     
    }


    TwoActivity的代码如下

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    public class TwoActivity extends Activity {
        private ListView list2;
     
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_two);
            list2 = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list2);
            list2.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(this));
        }
     
        private class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
     
            private LayoutInflater inflater;
     
            MyAdapter(Context context) {
                inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
            }
     
            @Override
            public int getCount() {
                return 20;
            }
     
            @Override
            public Object getItem(int position) {
                return position;
            }
     
            @Override
            public long getItemId(int position) {
                return position;
            }
     
            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
     
                if (convertView == null) {
                    convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list, parent,false);
                }
                TextView tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
                tv.setText(position + "");
                return convertView;
            }
     
        }
     
    }


    两个文件最关键的区别就一句话,

    在getView方法中,OneActivity是

    convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list, null);

    在getView方法中,TwoActivity是

    convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list, parent,false);

    我们先看一下显示效果,再说两者的区别

    OneActivity效果

    TwoActivity的显示效果

    我们可以很明显的看出来,使用第一种方式,根布局的高度设置60dp没有起作用,系统还是按照包裹内容的方式加载的,为什么会产生这种效果呢?我们从需要inflate方法的源代码中找一下答案。

    首先,方式一的源代码实现

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    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root) {
            return inflate(parser, root, root != null);
        }


    当我们使用方式一,并且第二个参数传入null的时候,默认调用的是下面的方法,并且attachToRoot是false

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    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
            if (DEBUG) System.out.println("INFLATING from resource: " + resource);
            XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource);
            try {
                return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
            } finally {
                parser.close();
            }
        }


    在这一个方法中,pull解析器将资源id转化成XmlResourceParser对象,又传给了第四种方式,所以我们需要重点看的还是第四种方式是如何实现的

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    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
            synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
                Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");
     
                final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
                Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
                View result = root;
     
                try {
                    // Look for the root node.
                    int type;
                    while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                            type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                        // Empty
                    }
     
                    if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                        throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                                + ": No start tag found!");
                    }
     
                    final String name = parser.getName();
                     
                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("**************************");
                        System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                                + name);
                        System.out.println("**************************");
                    }
     
                    if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                        if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                            throw new InflateException("<merge> can be used only with a valid "
                                    + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                        }
     
                        rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false);
                    } else {
                        // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                        View temp;
                        if (TAG_1995.equals(name)) {
                            temp = new BlinkLayout(mContext, attrs);
                        } else {
                            temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs);
                        }
     
                        ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
     
                        if (root != null) {
                            if (DEBUG) {
                                System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                        root);
                            }
                            // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                            params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                            if (!attachToRoot) {
                                // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                                // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                                temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                            }
                        }
     
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                        }
                        // Inflate all children under temp
                        rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true);
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                        }
     
                        // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                        // to root. Do that now.
                        if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                            root.addView(temp, params);
                        }
     
                        // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                        // top view found in xml.
                        if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                            result = temp;
                        }
                    }
     
                } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                    InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());
                    ex.initCause(e);
                    throw ex;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    InflateException ex = new InflateException(
                            parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": " + e.getMessage());
                    ex.initCause(e);
                    throw ex;
                } finally {
                    // Don't retain static reference on context.
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                    mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
                }
     
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
     
                return result;
            }
        }</merge>


    代码比较长,我们重点关注下面的代码

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    if (root != null) {
                            if (DEBUG) {
                                System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                        root);
                            }
                            // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                            params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                            if (!attachToRoot) {
                                // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                                // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                                temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                            }
                        }


    这些代码的意思就是,当我们传进来的root参数不是空的时候,并且attachToRoot是false的时候,也就是上面的TwoActivity的实现方式的时候,会给temp设置一个LayoutParams参数。那么这个temp又是干嘛的呢?

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    <pre name="code" class="java">// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                        // to root. Do that now.
                        if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                            root.addView(temp, params);
                        }
     
                        // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                        // top view found in xml.
                        if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                            result = temp;
                        }</pre><br>
    <br>
    <p></p>
    <pre class="java;"></pre>
    <br>
    现在应该明白了吧,当我们传进来的root不是null,并且第三个参数是false的时候,这个temp就被加入到了root中,并且把root当作最终的返回值返回了。而当我们设置root为空的时候,没有设置LayoutParams参数的temp对象,作为返回值返回了。
    <p></p>
    <p>因此,我们可以得出下面的结论:</p>
    <p>1.若我们采用convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list,
     null);方式填充视图,item布局中的根视图的layout_XX属性会被忽略掉,然后设置成默认的包裹内容方式</p>
    <p>2.如果我们想保证item的视图中的参数不被改变,我们需要使用convertView
     = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_list, parent,false);这种方式进行视图的填充</p>
    <p>3.除了使用这种方式,我们还可以设置item布局的根视图为包裹内容,然后设置内部控件的高度等属性,这样就不会修改显示方式了。</p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <p>最后,给出那篇文章的链接http://blog.jobbole.com/72156/
    大家可以去看看</p>                    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gkwang/p/3905086.html
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