本文参考资料来源：
http://man.linuxde.net/tar
一般使用gzip进行解压缩即用
tar -zcv -f 指定压缩包的名称.tar.gz 要被压缩的文件或文件夹
将当前目录下的ip.txt文件和ipuser.sh文件压缩打包放到/home目录下，压缩包为backup.tar.gz
tar -zcvf /home/backup.tar.gz ip.txt ipuser.sh
tar -zxv -f 指定压缩包的名称.tar.gz
如下，要将压缩包解压到/home/aaa目录下，则要加大写C作为参数指定解压的目录
tar -zxvf backup.tar.gz -C /home/aaa/
压 缩：tar -jcv -f filename.tar.bz2 要被压缩的文件或目录名称 查 询：tar -jtv -f filename.tar.bz2 解压缩：tar -jxv -f filename.tar.bz2 -C 欲解压缩的目录
tar命令：
备份文件：打包或压缩后的文件。如abc.txt打包称abc.tar ==》备份文件是指abc.tar
被备份文件就是上面的abc.txt文件
语法 tar(选项)(参数) 选项 -A或--catenate：新增文件到已存在的备份文件；没用过 -B：设置区块大小；没用过 -c或--create：建立新的备份文件； -C <目录>：这个选项用在解压缩，若要在特定目录解压缩，可以使用这个选项。 -d：记录文件的差别；没用过 -x或--extract或--get：从备份文件中还原文件； -t或--list：列出备份文件的内容； -z或--gzip或--ungzip：通过gzip指令处理备份文件； -Z或--compress或--uncompress：通过compress指令处理备份文件； -f<备份文件>或--file=<备份文件>：指定备份文件； -v或--verbose：显示指令执行过程； -r：添加文件到已经压缩的文件；没用过 -u：添加改变了和现有的文件到已经存在的压缩文件；没用过 -j：支持bzip2解压文件；没用过 -v：显示操作过程； -l：文件系统边界设置；没用过 -k：保留原有文件不覆盖；没用过 -m：保留文件不被覆盖；没用过 -w：确认压缩文件的正确性；没用过 -p或--same-permissions：用原来的文件权限还原文件；没用过 -P或--absolute-names：文件名使用绝对名称，不移除文件名称前的“/”号； -N <日期格式> 或 --newer=<日期时间>：只将较指定日期更新的文件保存到备份文件里； --exclude=<范本样式>：排除符合范本样式的文件。
上面可选参数中最常用的是 -f 指定备份文件
1、将多个文件打包成一个文件
-cf单独拆开来不起作用。 c是用来建立新的备份文件，f用来指定备份文件
tar -cf backup.tar 123.txt 456.txt ------这条命令会将123.txt和456.txt两个文件一起打包放到backup.tar文件中
注意：上面的.tar不是压缩文件，可以看成一个文件夹，里面包含很多不同的文件。
打包是指将一大堆文件或目录变成一个总的文件；压缩则是将一个大的文件通过一些压缩算法变成一个小文件。
2、压缩文件
将两个文件打包成一个文件然后进行压缩。
.gz是压缩格式 .tar是打包成一个文件的格式
zcf必须一起使用
tar -zcvf communication.tar.gz server.py client.py 打包后，以 gzip 压缩 tar -jcvf communication.tar.gz server.py client.py 打包后，以 bzip2 压缩
3、查看打包文件或压缩文件里面的文件列表
-t 列出备份文件的内容
tar -tvf backup.tar 查看打包文件里面的文件列表 tar -ztvf communication.tar.gz 查看压缩文件的文件列表（这个语句返回的不是打爆的文件，而是直接返回server.py和client.py）
4、解压缩文件
-x从备份文件中还原文件
tar -zxvf communication.tar.gz gz是使用gzip压缩的，所以解压要加上z,用f指定备份文件
默认将压缩的文件放在当前目录下面（无指定解压路径）
将tar内的部分文件解压出来：
通过 tar -ztvf来查阅 tar 包内的文件名称，如果单只要一个文件，就可以透过这个方式来解压部分文件！
tar -zxvf communication.tar.gz client.py 将client.py文件从压缩包中解压出来
文件备份下来，并且保存其权限：
tar -zcvpf log31.tar.gz log2014.log log2015.log log2016.log
这个-p的属性是很重要的，尤其是当您要保留原本文件的属性时
下面是用tar --help获取到的tar命令的相关信息
Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]... GNU 'tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive. Examples: tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely. tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar. Main operation mode: -A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive -c, --create create a new archive -d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system --delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!) -r, --append append files to the end of an archive -t, --list list the contents of an archive --test-label test the archive volume label and exit -u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive -x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive Operation modifiers: --check-device check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default) -g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup -G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup --ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files --level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive -n, --seek archive is seekable --no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives --no-seek archive is not seekable --occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete, --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on the command line or via the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1 --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR] set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse) -S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently Overwrite control: -k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors --keep-directory-symlink preserve existing symlinks to directories when extracting --keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies --no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories --overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting --overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default) --recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory --remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive --skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them -U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it -W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it Select output stream: --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children --no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as error -O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output --to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program Handling of file attributes: --atime-preserve[=METHOD] preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the times in the first place (METHOD='system') --delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction --group=NAME force NAME as group for added files --mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE -m, --touch don't extract file modified time --no-delay-directory-restore cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option --no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users) --no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users) --numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names --owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions extract information about file permissions (default for superuser) --preserve same as both -p and -s --same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser) -s, --preserve-order, --same-order member arguments are listed in the same order as the files in the archive Handling of extended file attributes: --acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support --no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support --no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support --no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support --selinux Enable the SELinux context support --xattrs Enable extended attributes support --xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys --xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys Device selection and switching: -f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE --force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME run script at end of each tape (implies -M) -L, --tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes -M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive --rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt --rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh --volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE Device blocking: -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record -B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes) -i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF) --record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512 Archive format selection: -H, --format=FORMAT create archive of the given format FORMAT is one of the following: gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12 pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format posix same as pax ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format v7 old V7 tar format --old-archive, --portability same as --format=v7 --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]... control pax keywords --posix same as --format=posix -V, --label=TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name Compression options: -a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression program -I, --use-compress-program=PROG filter through PROG (must accept -d) -j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2 -J, --xz filter the archive through xz --lzip filter the archive through lzip --lzma filter the archive through xz --lzop --no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip -Z, --compress, --uncompress filter the archive through compress Local file selection: --add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash) --backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL -C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR --exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN --exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files --exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself --exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG --exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE --exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories containing FILE --exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories -h, --dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to --hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the archive --newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only --no-null disable the effect of the previous --null option --no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories --no-unquote do not unquote filenames read with -T --null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE --one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive -P, --absolute-names don't strip leading '/'s from file names --recursion recurse into directories (default) --suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX) -T, --files-from=FILE get names to extract or create from FILE --unquote unquote filenames read with -T (default) -X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE File name transformations: --strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns): --anchored patterns match file name start --ignore-case ignore case --no-anchored patterns match after any '/' (default for exclusion) --no-ignore-case case sensitive matching (default) --no-wildcards verbatim string matching --no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match '/' --wildcards use wildcards (default for exclusion) --wildcards-match-slash wildcards match '/' (default for exclusion) Informative output: --checkpoint[=NUMBER] display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10) --checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on each checkpoint --full-time print file time to its full resolution --index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE -l, --check-links print a message if not all links are dumped --no-quote-chars=STRING disable quoting for characters from STRING --quote-chars=STRING additionally quote characters from STRING --quoting-style=STYLE set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values -R, --block-number show block number within archive with each message --show-defaults show tar defaults --show-omitted-dirs when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria --show-snapshot-field-ranges show valid ranges for snapshot-file fields --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names show file or archive names after transformation --totals[=SIGNAL] print total bytes after processing the archive; with an argument - print total bytes when this SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP, SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names without SIG prefix are also accepted --utc print file modification times in UTC -v, --verbose verbosely list files processed --warning=KEYWORD warning control -w, --interactive, --confirmation ask for confirmation for every action Compatibility options: -o when creating, same as --old-archive; when extracting, same as --no-same-owner Other options: -?, --help give this help list --restrict disable use of some potentially harmful options --usage give a short usage message --version print program version Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options. The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control may be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are: none, off never make backups t, numbered make numbered backups nil, existing numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise never, simple always make simple backups Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are: literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale *This* tar defaults to: --format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/usr/lib/tar/rmt --rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh Report bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.