Java多线程之JUC包：ReentrantLock源码学习笔记

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http://www.cnblogs.com/go2sea/p/5627539.html

ReentrantLock是JUC包提供的一种可重入独占锁，它实现了Lock接口。与Semaphore类似，ReentrantLock也提供了两种工作模式：公平模式&非公平模式，也是通过自定义两种同步器FairSync&NonfairSync来实现的。

源代码：

/*
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
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/*
 *
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 *
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util.concurrent.locks;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;

/**
 * A reentrant mutual exclusion {@link Lock} with the same basic
 * behavior and semantics as the implicit monitor lock accessed using
 * {@code synchronized} methods and statements, but with extended
 * capabilities.
 *
 * <p>A {@code ReentrantLock} is <em>owned</em> by the thread last
 * successfully locking, but not yet unlocking it. A thread invoking
 * {@code lock} will return, successfully acquiring the lock, when
 * the lock is not owned by another thread. The method will return
 * immediately if the current thread already owns the lock. This can
 * be checked using methods {@link #isHeldByCurrentThread}, and {@link
 * #getHoldCount}.
 *
 * <p>The constructor for this class accepts an optional
 * <em>fairness</em> parameter.  When set {@code true}, under
 * contention, locks favor granting access to the longest-waiting
 * thread.  Otherwise this lock does not guarantee any particular
 * access order.  Programs using fair locks accessed by many threads
 * may display lower overall throughput (i.e., are slower; often much
 * slower) than those using the default setting, but have smaller
 * variances in times to obtain locks and guarantee lack of
 * starvation. Note however, that fairness of locks does not guarantee
 * fairness of thread scheduling. Thus, one of many threads using a
 * fair lock may obtain it multiple times in succession while other
 * active threads are not progressing and not currently holding the
 * lock.
 * Also note that the untimed {@link #tryLock() tryLock} method does not
 * honor the fairness setting. It will succeed if the lock
 * is available even if other threads are waiting.
 *
 * <p>It is recommended practice to <em>always</em> immediately
 * follow a call to {@code lock} with a {@code try} block, most
 * typically in a before/after construction such as:
 *
 * <pre>
 * class X {
 *   private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
 *   // ...
 *
 *   public void m() {
 *     lock.lock();  // block until condition holds
 *     try {
 *       // ... method body
 *     } finally {
 *       lock.unlock()
 *     }
 *   }
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>In addition to implementing the {@link Lock} interface, this
 * class defines methods {@code isLocked} and
 * {@code getLockQueueLength}, as well as some associated
 * {@code protected} access methods that may be useful for
 * instrumentation and monitoring.
 *
 * <p>Serialization of this class behaves in the same way as built-in
 * locks: a deserialized lock is in the unlocked state, regardless of
 * its state when serialized.
 *
 * <p>This lock supports a maximum of 2147483647 recursive locks by
 * the same thread. Attempts to exceed this limit result in
 * {@link Error} throws from locking methods.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public class ReentrantLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984872572414699L;
    /** Synchronizer providing all implementation mechanics */
    private final Sync sync;

    /**
     * Base of synchronization control for this lock. Subclassed
     * into fair and nonfair versions below. Uses AQS state to
     * represent the number of holds on the lock.
     */
    abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5179523762034025860L;

        /**
         * Performs {@link Lock#lock}. The main reason for subclassing
         * is to allow fast path for nonfair version.
         */
        abstract void lock();

        /**
         * Performs non-fair tryLock.  tryAcquire is
         * implemented in subclasses, but both need nonfair
         * try for trylock method.
         */
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

        protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            // While we must in general read state before owner,
            // we don't need to do so to check if current thread is owner
            return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
        }

        final ConditionObject newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }

        // Methods relayed from outer class

        final Thread getOwner() {
            return getState() == 0 ? null : getExclusiveOwnerThread();
        }

        final int getHoldCount() {
            return isHeldExclusively() ? getState() : 0;
        }

        final boolean isLocked() {
            return getState() != 0;
        }

        /**
         * Reconstitutes this lock instance from a stream.
         * @param s the stream
         */
        private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
            throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            s.defaultReadObject();
            setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sync object for non-fair locks
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sync object for fair locks
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * Fair version of tryAcquire.  Don't grant access unless
         * recursive call or no waiters or is first.
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
     * This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
     */
    public ReentrantLock() {
        sync = new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
     * given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * Acquires the lock.
     *
     * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and returns
     * immediately, setting the lock hold count to one.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread already holds the lock then the hold
     * count is incremented by one and the method returns immediately.
     *
     * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the
     * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
     * purposes and lies dormant until the lock has been acquired,
     * at which time the lock hold count is set to one.
     */
    public void lock() {
        sync.lock();
    }

    /**
     * Acquires the lock unless the current thread is
     * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
     *
     * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and returns
     * immediately, setting the lock hold count to one.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the hold count
     * is incremented by one and the method returns immediately.
     *
     * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the
     * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
     * purposes and lies dormant until one of two things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>The lock is acquired by the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts} the
     * current thread.
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the lock is acquired by the current thread then the lock hold
     * count is set to one.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     *
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while acquiring
     * the lock,
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
     * interruption point, preference is given to responding to the
     * interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the lock.
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }

    /**
     * Acquires the lock only if it is not held by another thread at the time
     * of invocation.
     *
     * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and
     * returns immediately with the value {@code true}, setting the
     * lock hold count to one. Even when this lock has been set to use a
     * fair ordering policy, a call to {@code tryLock()} <em>will</em>
     * immediately acquire the lock if it is available, whether or not
     * other threads are currently waiting for the lock.
     * This &quot;barging&quot; behavior can be useful in certain
     * circumstances, even though it breaks fairness. If you want to honor
     * the fairness setting for this lock, then use
     * {@link #tryLock(long, TimeUnit) tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) }
     * which is almost equivalent (it also detects interruption).
     *
     * <p> If the current thread already holds this lock then the hold
     * count is incremented by one and the method returns {@code true}.
     *
     * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then this method will return
     * immediately with the value {@code false}.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired by the
     *         current thread, or the lock was already held by the current
     *         thread; and {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean tryLock() {
        return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
    }

    /**
     * Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread within the given
     * waiting time and the current thread has not been
     * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
     *
     * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and returns
     * immediately with the value {@code true}, setting the lock hold count
     * to one. If this lock has been set to use a fair ordering policy then
     * an available lock <em>will not</em> be acquired if any other threads
     * are waiting for the lock. This is in contrast to the {@link #tryLock()}
     * method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock} that does permit barging on
     * a fair lock then combine the timed and un-timed forms together:
     *
     * <pre>if (lock.tryLock() || lock.tryLock(timeout, unit) ) { ... }
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>If the current thread
     * already holds this lock then the hold count is incremented by one and
     * the method returns {@code true}.
     *
     * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the
     * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
     * purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>The lock is acquired by the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The specified waiting time elapses
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is returned and
     * the lock hold count is set to one.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     *
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
     * acquiring the lock,
     *
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value {@code false}
     * is returned.  If the time is less than or equal to zero, the method
     * will not wait at all.
     *
     * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
     * interruption point, preference is given to responding to the
     * interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the lock, and
     * over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
     *
     * @param timeout the time to wait for the lock
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
     * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired by the
     *         current thread, or the lock was already held by the current
     *         thread; and {@code false} if the waiting time elapsed before
     *         the lock could be acquired
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     * @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
     *
     */
    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to release this lock.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then the hold
     * count is decremented.  If the hold count is now zero then the lock
     * is released.  If the current thread is not the holder of this
     * lock then {@link IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
     *
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
     *         hold this lock
     */
    public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Condition} instance for use with this
     * {@link Lock} instance.
     *
     * <p>The returned {@link Condition} instance supports the same
     * usages as do the {@link Object} monitor methods ({@link
     * Object#wait() wait}, {@link Object#notify notify}, and {@link
     * Object#notifyAll notifyAll}) when used with the built-in
     * monitor lock.
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>If this lock is not held when any of the {@link Condition}
     * {@linkplain Condition#await() waiting} or {@linkplain
     * Condition#signal signalling} methods are called, then an {@link
     * IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
     *
     * <li>When the condition {@linkplain Condition#await() waiting}
     * methods are called the lock is released and, before they
     * return, the lock is reacquired and the lock hold count restored
     * to what it was when the method was called.
     *
     * <li>If a thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}
     * while waiting then the wait will terminate, an {@link
     * InterruptedException} will be thrown, and the thread's
     * interrupted status will be cleared.
     *
     * <li> Waiting threads are signalled in FIFO order.
     *
     * <li>The ordering of lock reacquisition for threads returning
     * from waiting methods is the same as for threads initially
     * acquiring the lock, which is in the default case not specified,
     * but for <em>fair</em> locks favors those threads that have been
     * waiting the longest.
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @return the Condition object
     */
    public Condition newCondition() {
        return sync.newCondition();
    }

    /**
     * Queries the number of holds on this lock by the current thread.
     *
     * <p>A thread has a hold on a lock for each lock action that is not
     * matched by an unlock action.
     *
     * <p>The hold count information is typically only used for testing and
     * debugging purposes. For example, if a certain section of code should
     * not be entered with the lock already held then we can assert that
     * fact:
     *
     * <pre>
     * class X {
     *   ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
     *   // ...
     *   public void m() {
     *     assert lock.getHoldCount() == 0;
     *     lock.lock();
     *     try {
     *       // ... method body
     *     } finally {
     *       lock.unlock();
     *     }
     *   }
     * }
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return the number of holds on this lock by the current thread,
     *         or zero if this lock is not held by the current thread
     */
    public int getHoldCount() {
        return sync.getHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if this lock is held by the current thread.
     *
     * <p>Analogous to the {@link Thread#holdsLock} method for built-in
     * monitor locks, this method is typically used for debugging and
     * testing. For example, a method that should only be called while
     * a lock is held can assert that this is the case:
     *
     * <pre>
     * class X {
     *   ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
     *   // ...
     *
     *   public void m() {
     *       assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
     *       // ... method body
     *   }
     * }
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>It can also be used to ensure that a reentrant lock is used
     * in a non-reentrant manner, for example:
     *
     * <pre>
     * class X {
     *   ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
     *   // ...
     *
     *   public void m() {
     *       assert !lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
     *       lock.lock();
     *       try {
     *           // ... method body
     *       } finally {
     *           lock.unlock();
     *       }
     *   }
     * }
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return {@code true} if current thread holds this lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if this lock is held by any thread. This method is
     * designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
     * not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if any thread holds this lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isLocked() {
        return sync.isLocked();
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread that currently owns this lock, or
     * {@code null} if not owned. When this method is called by a
     * thread that is not the owner, the return value reflects a
     * best-effort approximation of current lock status. For example,
     * the owner may be momentarily {@code null} even if there are
     * threads trying to acquire the lock but have not yet done so.
     * This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive lock monitoring
     * facilities.
     *
     * @return the owner, or {@code null} if not owned
     */
    protected Thread getOwner() {
        return sync.getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire this lock. Note that
     * because cancellations may occur at any time, a {@code true}
     * return does not guarantee that any other thread will ever
     * acquire this lock.  This method is designed primarily for use in
     * monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if there may be other threads waiting to
     *         acquire the lock
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }


    /**
     * Queries whether the given thread is waiting to acquire this
     * lock. Note that because cancellations may occur at any time, a
     * {@code true} return does not guarantee that this thread
     * will ever acquire this lock.  This method is designed primarily for use
     * in monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @param thread the thread
     * @return {@code true} if the given thread is queued waiting for this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the thread is null
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
        return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }


    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to
     * acquire this lock.  The value is only an estimate because the number of
     * threads may change dynamically while this method traverses
     * internal data structures.  This method is designed for use in
     * monitoring of the system state, not for synchronization
     * control.
     *
     * @return the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
     * acquire this lock.  Because the actual set of threads may change
     * dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
     * collection is only a best-effort estimate.  The elements of the
     * returned collection are in no particular order.  This method is
     * designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
     * more extensive monitoring facilities.
     *
     * @return the collection of threads
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.getQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
     * associated with this lock. Note that because timeouts and
     * interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does
     * not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken any
     * threads.  This method is designed primarily for use in
     * monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
     * given condition associated with this lock. Note that because
     * timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the estimate
     * serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of waiters.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system
     * state, not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
     * waiting on the given condition associated with this lock.
     * Because the actual set of threads may change dynamically while
     * constructing this result, the returned collection is only a
     * best-effort estimate. The elements of the returned collection
     * are in no particular order.  This method is designed to
     * facilitate construction of subclasses that provide more
     * extensive condition monitoring facilities.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the collection of threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes either the String {@code "Unlocked"}
     * or the String {@code "Locked by"} followed by the
     * {@linkplain Thread#getName name} of the owning thread.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
     */
    public String toString() {
        Thread o = sync.getOwner();
        return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
                                   "[Unlocked]" :
                                   "[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
    }
}

一、lock 不响应中断获取锁

    public void lock() {
        sync.lock();
    }

lock方法通过调用自定义同步器的同名方法来获取锁。注意：ReentrantLock自定义了两种同步器：FairSync&NonfairSync，分别对应公平模式&非公平模式。

我们先来看一下非公平模式下的lock方法：

        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

lock方法并没有直接调用AQS提供的acquire方法，而是先试探地获取了一下锁，CAS操作失败再去调用acquire方法。我的理解是为了提升性能。因为可能很多时候我们能在第一次试探获取时成功，而不需要经过acquire->tryAcquire->nonfairAcquire的调用过程：

    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

AQS提供的acquire方法首先调用了我们自定义同步器重写的tryAcquire方法试图获取锁，如果失败的话先调用addWaiter方法将当前线程加入等待队列，然后对奥用acquireQueued方法进行自旋、检测获取锁的操作，直到成功获取锁。在自旋、检测的过程中如果被中断（注意：acquireQueued延迟处理中断），要在成功获取锁之后调用selfInterrupt方法“补上”这次中断。addWaiter&acquireQueued方法已经在笔者的另一篇博文AQS源码学习笔记中详细介绍过了，不再赘述。这里我们主要关注ReentrantLock重写的tryAcquire方法：

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }

nonfairSync的tryAcquire方法通过调用其父类Sync的nonfairTryAcquire方法实现：

        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

nonfairTryAcquire方法首先判断锁是否被占用，如果锁可用，通过调用CAS操作试图获取锁，如果失败直接返回false；但如果锁被占用（state==0），并不代表没有机会，因为有可能占用锁的正是当前线程。如果正是当前线程占用了锁，让state做+1操作，然后返回true：这正是可重入的概念，一个已经获取锁的线程可以重复获取锁。

我们再来看一下公平模式下的lock方法：

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }

fairSync的lock方法直接调用acquire，而没有想NonfairSync一样先试图获取，因为这样可能导致违反“公平”的语义：在已等待在队列中的线程之前获取了锁。

由上面的分析可知，AQS的acquire方法调用了fairSync重写的tryAcquire方法：

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

这与nonfairTryAcquire方法大同小异，主要区别在于，当发现锁未被占用的时候，还要判断一下等待队列中是否有先到的线程正在等待锁，如果有，直接返回false。这保证了公平性：线程按照申请锁的顺序获取锁。acquire方法的后续操作同样可以参考笔者的另一篇博文AQS源码学习笔记，这里不再赘述。

二、lockInterruptibly 可响应中断获取锁

    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }

lockInterruptibly方法通过调用AQS提供的acquireInterruptibly方法实现：

    public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
            doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
    }

acquireInterruptibly方法首先检测一下中断，然后调用重写的tryAcquire方法试图获取锁，如果失败，调用doAcquireInterruptibly方法进行自旋、检测获取锁操作：

    private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return;
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

doAcquireInterruptibly方法与acquireQueued方法的区别在于：①doAcquireInterruptibly方法将addWaiter的调用写在了方法里，而acquireQueued方法没有；②doAcquireInterruptibly在当前线程从park中被中断唤醒时，直接抛出中断异常，而acquireQueued方法则是用一个局部变量记录下这次中断，但不立即处理，等到成功获取锁/共享资源之后，反馈给上层，由上层调用selfInterrupt方法“补上”这次中断。

这些区别与doAcquireSharedInterruptibly&doAcquireShared方法之间的区别一致。

三、tryLock & tryLock(Timeout) 尝试获取锁

    public boolean tryLock() {
        return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
    }

    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

ReentrantLock提供了两种tryLock方法：限时&不限时。我们注意到，不限时（立即返回）的tryLock方法，不管在公平还是非公平模式下，调用的都是Sync中的nonfairTryAcquire方法。因此，如果在公平模式下调用tryLock，即使队列中有等待线程，也可能获取成功。

而限时（不立即返回）的tryLock(Timeout)方法则公国tryAcquireNanos提供了公平&非公平两种模式的tryLock(Timeout)操作：

    public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        return tryAcquire(arg) ||
            doAcquireNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
    }

可以看到，tryAcquireNanos方法通过调用不同的重写的tryAcquire方法提供了两种模式下的不同操作。tryAcquire方法已经分析过，不再赘述。这里重点关注doAcquireNanos方法：

    private boolean doAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
            return false;
        final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return true;
                }
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
                    return false;
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if (Thread.interrupted())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

可以看到，doAcquireNanos方法是立即响应中断的（事实上doAcquireSharedNanos方法也是立即响应中断的），即限时（不立即返回）的尝试获取的方法都是及时响应中断的，没有延迟处理中断的版本。

还有一点需要注意，当线程从park中被唤醒时，我们无法确定唤醒原因是被中断还是超时，因此需要检测一下中断标志。还要注意spinForTimeoutThreshold阈值的应用，这在笔者的另一篇博文Semaphore源码学习笔记中已经分析过，主要目的是为了提高短时长Timeout时的相应效率。

四、unlock 释放锁

公平&非公平模式的unlock操作是一致的：

    public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

通过调用AQS提供的release方法实现：

    public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

release方法首先调用我们重写的tryRelease方法尝试释放锁。注意，这里tryRelease的返回值并不代表是否成功释放，而是释放后锁是否可用。还记得可重入的概念吗，如果一个线程重复获取了锁，那么在他没有释放到底时，release操作之后，锁仍然是不可使用的（state>0）。如果释放之后锁可用，查看队列中是否有需要唤醒的等待线程，有则调用unparkSuccessor方法唤醒。这在笔者的另一篇博文AQS源码学习笔记中已经分析过了，这里重点关注我们重写的tryRelease方法：

        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

tryRelease是在FairSync和NonfairSync的父类Sync中定义的，因此公平&非公平模式下的release操作是统一的。tryRelease方法首先检测当前线程是否持有锁，然后计算一下释放之后锁是否可用（计数值state是否等于0），如果可用，释放&设置持有锁线程为null&返回true，如果不可用，释放&返回返回false。

五、Condition

关于Condition的内容请参考笔者的另一篇博文Condition源码学习笔记。