官方使用文档：
中文翻译文档：
应答模式：
server端：
# # Hello World server in Python # Binds REP socket to tcp://*:5555 # Expects b"Hello" from client, replies with b"World" # import time import zmq context = zmq.Context() socket = context.socket(zmq.REP) socket.bind("tcp://*:5555") while True: # Wait for next request from client message = socket.recv() print("Received request: %s" % message) # Do some 'work' time.sleep(1) # Send reply back to client socket.send(b"World")
client端：
# # Hello World client in Python # Connects REQ socket to tcp://localhost:5555 # Sends "Hello" to server, expects "World" back # import zmq context = zmq.Context() # Socket to talk to server print("Connecting to hello world server…") socket = context.socket(zmq.REQ) socket.connect("tcp://localhost:5555") # Do 10 requests, waiting each time for a response for request in range(10): print("Sending request %s …" % request) socket.send(b"Hello") # Get the reply. message = socket.recv() print("Received reply %s [ %s ]" % (request, message))
发布订阅模式：
server端：
# # Weather update server # Binds PUB socket to tcp://*:5556 # Publishes random weather updates # import zmq from random import randrange context = zmq.Context() socket = context.socket(zmq.PUB) socket.bind("tcp://*:5556") while True: zipcode = randrange(1, 100000) temperature = randrange(-80, 135) relhumidity = randrange(10, 60) socket.send_string("%i %i %i" % (zipcode, temperature, relhumidity))
client端：
# # Weather update client # Connects SUB socket to tcp://localhost:5556 # Collects weather updates and finds avg temp in zipcode # import sys import zmq # Socket to talk to server context = zmq.Context() socket = context.socket(zmq.SUB) print("Collecting updates from weather server…") socket.connect("tcp://localhost:5556") # Subscribe to zipcode, default is NYC, 10001 zip_filter = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "10001" # Python 2 - ascii bytes to unicode str if isinstance(zip_filter, bytes): zip_filter = zip_filter.decode('ascii') socket.setsockopt_string(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, zip_filter) # Process 5 updates total_temp = 0 for update_nbr in range(5): string = socket.recv_string() zipcode, temperature, relhumidity = string.split() total_temp += int(temperature) print("Average temperature for zipcode '%s' was %dF" % ( zip_filter, total_temp / (update_nbr+1)) )
推拉模式：
server端：
# Task ventilator # Binds PUSH socket to tcp://localhost:5557 # Sends batch of tasks to workers via that socket # # Author: Lev Givon <lev(at)columbia(dot)edu> import zmq import random import time try: raw_input except NameError: # Python 3 raw_input = input context = zmq.Context() # Socket to send messages on sender = context.socket(zmq.PUSH) sender.bind("tcp://*:5557") # Socket with direct access to the sink: used to syncronize start of batch sink = context.socket(zmq.PUSH) sink.connect("tcp://localhost:5558") print("Press Enter when the workers are ready: ") _ = raw_input() print("Sending tasks to workers…") # The first message is "0" and signals start of batch sink.send(b'0') # Initialize random number generator random.seed() # Send 100 tasks total_msec = 0 for task_nbr in range(100): # Random workload from 1 to 100 msecs workload = random.randint(1, 100) total_msec += workload sender.send_string(u'%i' % workload) print("Total expected cost: %s msec" % total_msec) # Give 0MQ time to deliver time.sleep(1)
中间work端（可有可无）：
# Task worker # Connects PULL socket to tcp://localhost:5557 # Collects workloads from ventilator via that socket # Connects PUSH socket to tcp://localhost:5558 # Sends results to sink via that socket # # Author: Lev Givon <lev(at)columbia(dot)edu> import sys import time import zmq context = zmq.Context() # Socket to receive messages on receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.connect("tcp://localhost:5557") # Socket to send messages to sender = context.socket(zmq.PUSH) sender.connect("tcp://localhost:5558") # Process tasks forever while True: s = receiver.recv() # Simple progress indicator for the viewer sys.stdout.write('.') sys.stdout.flush() # Do the work time.sleep(int(s)*0.001) # Send results to sink sender.send(b'')
client端:
# Task sink # Binds PULL socket to tcp://localhost:5558 # Collects results from workers via that socket # # Author: Lev Givon <lev(at)columbia(dot)edu> import sys import time import zmq context = zmq.Context() # Socket to receive messages on receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.bind("tcp://*:5558") # Wait for start of batch s = receiver.recv() # Start our clock now tstart = time.time() # Process 100 confirmations for task_nbr in range(100): s = receiver.recv() if task_nbr % 10 == 0: sys.stdout.write(':') else: sys.stdout.write('.') sys.stdout.flush() # Calculate and report duration of batch tend = time.time() print("Total elapsed time: %d msec" % ((tend-tstart)*1000))
非阻塞模式的两种实现:
原始方式中的zmq.DONTWAIT是3.0之后的版本使用，之前的版本使用zmq.NOBLOCK
import zmq import time # Prepare our context and sockets context = zmq.Context() # Connect to task ventilator receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.connect("tcp://localhost:5557") # Connect to weather server subscriber = context.socket(zmq.SUB) subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5556") subscriber.setsockopt(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, b"10001") # Process messages from both sockets # We prioritize traffic from the task ventilator while True: # Process any waiting tasks while True: try: msg = receiver.recv(zmq.DONTWAIT) except zmq.Again: break # process task # Process any waiting weather updates while True: try: msg = subscriber.recv(zmq.DONTWAIT) except zmq.Again: break # process weather update # No activity, so sleep for 1 msec time.sleep(0.001)
import zmq # Prepare our context and sockets context = zmq.Context() # Connect to task ventilator receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.connect("tcp://localhost:5557") # Connect to weather server subscriber = context.socket(zmq.SUB) subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5556") subscriber.setsockopt(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, b"10001") # Initialize poll set poller = zmq.Poller() poller.register(receiver, zmq.POLLIN) poller.register(subscriber, zmq.POLLIN) # Process messages from both sockets while True: try: socks = dict(poller.poll()) except KeyboardInterrupt: break if receiver in socks: message = receiver.recv() # process task if subscriber in socks: message = subscriber.recv() # process weather update