前言
经常看见新同学对于安装MySQL十分惧怕，这是因为不熟悉的缘故，确实源码编译比较麻烦，缺少各种依赖包也够折腾的。当然还有预编译包，但是对于新同学来说好像都挺麻烦的。当然有yum安装，但是我们需要多实例，测试多个版本就不方便了。那么我来说说比较简单的方法。使用沙箱环境。MySQL Sandbox是什么呢？简单来说就是一个沙盒，可以用于快速搭建mysql的环境，让我们可以不用费劲的去安装，或者编译。通常对于学习来说是不错的选择。毕竟我们是自己学习，而不是线上环境。项目主页：http://mysqlsandbox.net/。对于安装也是非常简单的。我这里就采用 cpan来安装，当然各位童鞋也可以采用源码安装。看你口味了。我反正喜欢简单，能满足需求就行，或许这也是我的性格哈。:)
1.安装cpan
yum install cpan -y
2.安装软件依赖的包
yum install perl-Test-Simple -y
3.安装MySQL Sandbox
cpan MySQL::Sandbox
4.设置环境变量（否则会抛错）
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export SANDBOX_AS_ROOT=1' >> /root/.bash_profile [root@localhost ~]# source /root/.bash_profile
5.下载mysql二进制软件包（我这里下载mysql5.6和mariadb-10，软件各位童鞋自己搜索，我这里已经下载，如下）
[root@localhost mysql]# pwd /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll total 588236 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 295874759 Jun 4 04:56 mariadb-10.0.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 306470256 Jun 4 04:56 mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql]#
6.在沙箱环境中运行我们mysql两个实例
（1）首先创建mysql5.6的实例
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /opt/mysql/ [root@localhost mysql]# make_sandbox mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz unpacking /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz Executing low_level_make_sandbox --basedir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12 --sandbox_directory=msb_5_6_12 --install_version=5.6 --sandbox_port=5612 --no_ver_after_name --my_clause=log-error=msandbox.err The MySQL Sandbox, version 3.0.44 (C) 2006-2013 Giuseppe Maxia installing with the following parameters: upper_directory = /root/sandboxes sandbox_directory = msb_5_6_12 sandbox_port = 5612 check_port = no_check_port = datadir_from = script install_version = 5.6 basedir = /opt/mysql/5.6.12 tmpdir = my_file = operating_system_user = root db_user = msandbox remote_access = 127.% bind_address = 127.0.0.1 ro_user = msandbox_ro rw_user = msandbox_rw repl_user = rsandbox db_password = msandbox repl_password = rsandbox my_clause = log-error=msandbox.err master = slaveof = high_performance = prompt_prefix = mysql prompt_body = [h] {u} (d) > force = no_ver_after_name = 1 verbose = load_grants = 1 no_load_grants = no_run = no_show = do you agree? ([Y],n)
看见各种提示都给出了，相信童鞋们都看的懂，选择Y同意。
do you agree? ([Y],n) y loading grants .... sandbox server started Your sandbox server was installed in $HOME/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12 [root@localhost mysql]#
最后会有安装路径的提示，默认在家目录下的sandboxes下。我们可以看看
[root@localhost sandboxes]# pwd /root/sandboxes [root@localhost sandboxes]# ll total 40 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54 Jun 4 05:25 clear_all drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jun 4 05:25 msb_5_6_12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3621 Jun 4 05:25 plugin.conf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 56 Jun 4 05:25 restart_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2139 Jun 4 05:25 sandbox_action -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 58 Jun 4 05:25 send_kill_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54 Jun 4 05:25 start_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55 Jun 4 05:25 status_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53 Jun 4 05:25 stop_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52 Jun 4 05:25 use_all [root@localhost sandboxes]#
那么如何启动mysql呢，默认安装以后就启动了。
[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -fl mysql 2151 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/5.6.12/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/my.sandbox.cnf 2331 /opt/mysql/5.6.12/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/my.sandbox.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12 --datadir=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12/lib/plugin --user=root --log-error=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/msandbox.err --pid-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_sandbox5612.sock --port=5612 [root@localhost ~]#
可以杀掉进程，自己启动看看，启动停止脚本在/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12
[root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# pkill -9 mysqld [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./start sandbox server already started (found pid file /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid) sandbox server started [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# rm -f /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./start . sandbox server started [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]#
登陆mysql瞧瞧
[root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# pwd /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12 [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./use Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.12 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
就这么简单哈，当然有复杂的用法，大家可以试试，通常这样能快速部署一个mysql用于测试已经足够了。（下面的是mariadb实例，安装实例都是一样的）
[root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# pwd /root/sandboxes/msb_10_0_10 [root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# ./use Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
各个mysql实例的端口号就是mysql的版本号哦：）
[root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# netstat -nltp | grep mysqld tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5612 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2547/mysqld tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3015/mysqld [root@localhost msb_10_0_10]#
对于需要部署多个实例呢？同一个版本部署多实例，其实也非常的简单，提供了make_multiple_sandbox这个命令，具体的参数自行help。或者查阅官方文档。
对于部署多个实例，我们还可以添加一个环境变量，就是将实例安装在指定的位置，
[root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# echo "export SANDBOX_HOME=/data/" >> /root/.bash_profile [root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# source /root/.bash_profile
下面默认部署3个实例（相同的版本）
[root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# make_multiple_sandbox mariadb-10.0.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz installing node 1 installing node 2 installing node 3 group directory installed in $SANDBOX_HOME/multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12 [root@mysql-server-01 mysql]#
默认部署3个实例，想要部署更多实例可以加参数--how_many_nodes = number，上面部署完成以后我们看看。
[root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# pwd /data/multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12 [root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# ll total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 365 Jul 13 16:18 check_slaves -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Jul 13 16:18 clear_all -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7811 Jul 13 16:18 connection.json -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 626 Jul 13 16:18 default_connection.json -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n2 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n3 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:17 node1 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:17 node2 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:18 node3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1088 Jul 13 16:18 README -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 204 Jul 13 16:18 restart_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 460 Jul 13 16:18 send_kill_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Jul 13 16:18 start_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jul 13 16:18 status_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 425 Jul 13 16:18 stop_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 315 Jul 13 16:18 use_all [root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]#
可以可以已经有3个节点了，我们登陆其中一个看看。
[root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# ./n1 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 10.0.12-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. node1 [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
现在是不是开始爱上MySQL Sandbox了呢？那你还等什么？心动就上吧！哈哈，就写到这里了。
mysql sandbox经典讲义（因为被墙，故放在网盘给同学们下载）
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sjLMJCx
参考资料
http://search.cpan.org/~gmax/MySQL-Sandbox-3.0.44/lib/MySQL/Sandbox.pm