各编译器对C++11的支持比较

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在KlayGE首次引入C++11特性之后，我顺便调研了一下个主流编译器对C++11的支持度，以便在下个版本中加入更多的C++11元素。这里还列出了在不支持的时候，可以采用的替代方案。主要参考了C++11 Features in Visual C++ 11，Status of Experimental C++0x Support in GCC 4.6，Status of Experimental C++0x Support in GCC 4.7，Boost。

C++11 Core Language Features

	VC 10	VC 11	GCC 4.6	GCC 4.7	替代方案
Rvalue references	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Move
Rvalue references for *this	No	No	No	No
Non-static data member initializers	No	No	No	Yes
Variadic templates	No	No	Yes	Yes
Initializer lists	No	No	Yes	Yes
static_assert	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Static Assert
auto	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Typeof
Trailing return types	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.ReturnType
Lambdas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Lambda
decltype	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Typeof
Right angle brackets	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	TR1
Default template arguments for function templates	No	No	Yes	Yes
Expression SFINAE	No	No	Yes	Yes
Alias templates	No	No	No	Yes
Extern templates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
nullptr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	自己实现的null_ptr
Strongly typed enums	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	#define
Forward declared enums	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Attributes	No	No	No	No
constexpr	No	No	Yes	Yes
Alignment	No	No	No	No
Delegating constructors	No	No	No	Yes
Inheriting constructors	No	No	No	No
Explicit conversion operators	No	No	Yes	Yes
char16_t and char32_t	No	No	Yes	Yes
Unicode string literals	No	No	Yes	Yes
Raw string literals	No	No	Yes	Yes
Universal character names in literals	No	No	Yes	Yes
User-defined literals	No	No	No	Yes
Standard-layout and trivial types	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Defaulted and deleted functions	No	No	Yes	Yes
Extended friend declarations	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Extended sizeof	No	No	No	Yes
Inline namespaces	No	No	Yes	Yes
Unrestricted unions	No	No	Yes	Yes
Local and unnamed types as template arguments	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Range-based for-loop	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Foreach
override and final	No	Yes	No	Yes	#define
Minimal GC support	Yes	Yes	No	No
noexcept	No	No	Yes	Yes

C++11 Core Language Features: Concurrency

	VC 10	VC 11	GCC 4.6	GCC 4.7	替代方案
Reworded sequence points	No	No	No	No
Atomics	No	Yes	No	Yes	Boost.Atomic
Strong compare and exchange	No	Yes	No	No
Bidirectional fences	No	Yes	No	No
Memory model	No	No	No	No
Data-dependency ordering	No	Yes	No	No
Data-dependency ordering: function annotation	No	No	No	No
exception_ptr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Exception
quick_exit and at_quick_exit	No	No	No	No
Atomics in signal handlers	No	No	No	No
Thread-local storage	No	No	No	No	Boost.Thread
Magic statics	No	No	No	No

C++11 Core Language Features: C99

	VC 10	VC 11	GCC 4.6	GCC 4.7	替代方案
__func__	No	No	Yes	Yes	__FUNCTION__
C99 preprocessor	No	No	Yes	Yes
long long	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	__int64
Extended integer types	No	No	No	No

C++11 Library

	VC 10	VC 11	GCC 4.6	GCC 4.7	替代方案
shared_ptr, weak_ptr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.SmartPtr
make_/allocate_shared, owner_before	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.SmartPtr
unique_ptr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Interprocess
Fixed-Size Arrays	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Arrays
Hash Tables	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Unordered
Singly-linked list	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Container
Regular Expressions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Regex
Tuple	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Tuple
Random Numbers & Distributions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Random
Type Traits	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.TypeTraits
Generalized Function Pointers	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Function
Generalized Binders	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Bind
Generalized Member Function Adapters	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Bind
Reference Wrappers	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Ref
Return type calculation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.ReturnType
New algorithms	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Boost.Algorithm
Time	No	No	Yes	Yes	Boost.Chrono

其中，斜体的Yes表示VC 11和GCC 4.7都支持，同时还有非C++11的替代方案，所以很可能在下一版本的KlayGE中使用到。从上面的表可以看出，Library的支持度相当好。即使编译器不支持，也可以很容易地用Boost替换掉。语言核心则还远不到完美，但最常用的基本都已经涵盖了。有些feature，比如foreach和auto，用Boost在库级别支持，对编译速度有很大影响。换用C++11在核心语言级别支持的话应该有较大幅度的编译性能提升。