一.块存储服务介绍
1.1块存储服务通常包含以下组件
- cinder-api：
接受API请求，并将其路由到"cinder-volume"执行。
- cinder-volume：
与块存储服务和例如"cinder-scheduler"的进程进行直接交互。它也可以与这些进程通过一个消息队列进行交互。"cinder-volume"服务响应送到块存储服务的读写请求来维持状态，它也可以和多种存 储提供者在驱动架构下进行交互。
- cinder-scheduler守护进程：
选择最优存储提供节点来创建卷。其与"nova-scheduler"组件类似。
- cinder-backup-daemon：
"cinder-backup"服务提供任何种类备份卷到一个备份存储提供者，就像"cinder-volume"服务它与种存储提供者在驱动架构下进行交互。
注：cinder不是必须需要的服务，看公司需求，因为是通过挂载NFS等一系列文件服务器来做存储，网络是一个很大的瓶颈，但是做了cinder可以扩容磁盘大小，以及云主机的热迁移
二.块存储服务安装（控制节点）
2.1环境准备
1 #安装cinder 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install openstack-cinder -y
2.2创建库及用户
1 #登录数据库 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 3 #创建cinder库 4 MariaDB [(none)]> create database cinder; 5 #给cinder用户授权 6 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on cinder.* to 'cinder'@'localhost' identified by 'cinder'; 7 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) 8 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on cinder.* to 'cinder'@'%' identified by 'cinder'; 9 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.3创建openstack的cinder用户
1 #创建cinder用户，密码cinder 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt cinder 3 #将cinder用户加入到service项目并且赋予admin角色 4 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user cinder admin
2.4创建cinder和cinderv2实体服务及端点服务
1 #创建cinder实体服务 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinder \ 3 --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volume
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage |
| enabled | True |
| id | 0dae8b9c2a434c7a82ad1ad56b53d8d0 |
| name | cinder |
| type | volume |
+-------------+----------------------------------+ 4 #创建cinderv2实体服务 5 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinderv2 \ 6 --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage |
| enabled | True |
| id | 30998a4da9c04e2a9e3a3e247311f09b |
| name | cinderv2 |
| type | volumev2 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+ 7 #创建API端点（cinder） 8 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 9 volume public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 67a154e432de4efaa568f1e8c7a0050e |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 0dae8b9c2a434c7a82ad1ad56b53d8d0 |
| service_name | cinder |
| service_type | volume |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
10 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 11 volume internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 0052499eb61e454ab280d9ac689c463e |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 0dae8b9c2a434c7a82ad1ad56b53d8d0 |
| service_name | cinder |
| service_type | volume |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
12 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 13 volume admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 5765c91142874d2584d6ea7464900732 |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 0dae8b9c2a434c7a82ad1ad56b53d8d0 |
| service_name | cinder |
| service_type | volume |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
14 #创建API端点（cinderv2） 15 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 16 volumev2 public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 35da6dd734e44bee817fd3712f01b126 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 30998a4da9c04e2a9e3a3e247311f09b |
| service_name | cinderv2 |
| service_type | volumev2 |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
17 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 18 volumev2 internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 5c046a3dc07c4c26b642e01f2f5b1be0 |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 30998a4da9c04e2a9e3a3e247311f09b |
| service_name | cinderv2 |
| service_type | volumev2 |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
19 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ 20 volumev2 admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 5d86cf81628c42e8847a7bb8373df0a6 |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 30998a4da9c04e2a9e3a3e247311f09b |
| service_name | cinderv2 |
| service_type | volumev2 |
| url | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
2.5编辑cinder配置文件
1 #编辑配置文件 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf 3 #配置数据库连接 4 connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@192.168.56.11/cinder 5 #配置连接消息队列 6 transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11 7 #开启keystone认证，打开注释 8 auth_strategy = keystone 9 #在keystone_authtoken标签下添加内容 10 [keystone_authtoken] 11 auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000 12 auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357 13 memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:11211 14 auth_type = password 15 project_domain_name = Default 16 user_domain_name = Default 17 project_name = service 18 username = cinder 19 password = cinder 20 #配置锁路径 21 lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp
2.6将数据导入数据库
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder
2.7检查数据库
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -ucinder -pcinder -h192.168.56.11 -e "use cinder;show tables;"
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_cinder |
+----------------------------+
| backups |
| cgsnapshots |
| clusters |
| consistencygroups |
| driver_initiator_data |
| encryption |
| group_snapshots |
| group_type_projects |
| group_type_specs |
| group_types |
| group_volume_type_mapping |
| groups |
| image_volume_cache_entries |
| messages |
| migrate_version |
| quality_of_service_specs |
| quota_classes |
| quota_usages |
| quotas |
| reservations |
| services |
| snapshot_metadata |
| snapshots |
| transfers |
| volume_admin_metadata |
| volume_attachment |
| volume_glance_metadata |
| volume_metadata |
| volume_type_extra_specs |
| volume_type_projects |
| volume_types |
| volumes |
| workers |
+----------------------------+
2.8编辑nova配置文件
1 #编辑nova配置文件 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf 3 #在cinder标签下添加内容 4 [cinder] 5 os_region_name=RegionOne
2.9启动服务
1 #重启nova-api服务 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service 3 #允许开机自启动 4 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service 5 #启动cinder服务及其组件 6 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service 7 #允许lvm2服务开机自启 8 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service 9 #启动lvm2服务 10 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start lvm2-lvmetad.service
三.块存储服务安装（存储节点）
因为环境只有两台服务器，所以将存储节点也装在控制节点上
3.1准备环境
1 #安装lvm2 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install lvm2 -y 3 #安装cinder及其组件 4 [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone
3.2启动服务
1 #允许lvm2开机自启 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service 3 #启动lvm2 4 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start lvm2-lvmetad.service
3.3创建LVM物理卷
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb 2 Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
3.4创建LVM卷组"cinder-volume"
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb 2 Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created
3.5修改LVM配置文件
只有实例可以访问块存储卷组。但是，底层的操作系统管理着与这些卷相关联的设备。默认情况下，LVM卷扫描工具会扫描``/dev`` 目录，查找包含卷的块存储设备。如果项目在他们的卷上使用了LVM，扫描工具便会在检测到这些卷时尝试缓存它们，这可能会在底层操作系统和项目卷上产生各种问题。所以您必须重新配置LVM，让它扫描仅包含``cinder-volume``卷组的设备。编辑``/etc/lvm/lvm.conf``文件并完成下面的操作：
在 devices 部分，添加一个过滤器，只接受 /dev/sdb 设备，拒绝其他所有设备：
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf 2 filter = [ "a/sda/", "a/sdb/", "r/.*/"]
3.6修改cinder配置文件
1 [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf 2 #在default标签下添加内容 3 [default] 4 #启动LVM后端 5 enabled_backends = lvm 6 #在lvm标签下添加内容 7 [lvm] 8 #配置LVM后端，包括LVM驱动，cinder-volumes卷组 ，iSCSI 协议和适当的 iSCSI服务 9 volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver 10 volume_group = cinder-volumes 11 iscsi_protocol = iscsi 12 iscsi_helper = lioadm 13 glance_api_servers = http://192.168.56.11:9292 14 iscsi_ip_address = 192.168.56.11
3.7启动服务
1 #允许开机自启 2 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service 3 #启动服务 4 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service
四.格式化分区、挂载
4.1在web页面添加磁盘
#新创建一个云主机，然后连接卷
4.2磁盘格式化
1 #磁盘格式化 2 [root@web-node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdc 3 #创建data目录 4 [root@web-node1 ~]# mkdir /data 5 #挂载磁盘 6 [root@web-node1 ~]# mount /dev/vdc /data
注：后端存储，不仅可以用ISCSI，还可以用NFS、GFS等等，后期会更新如何用NFS做后端存储，敬请期待。
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