最近要获取服务器各种参数，包括cpu、内存、磁盘、型号等信息。试用了Hyperic HQ、Nagios和Snmp，它们功能都挺强大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。
于是乎想到用python执行shell获取这些信息，python执行shell脚本有以下三种方法：
1. os.system()
os.system('ls')
#返回结果0或者1，不能得到命令的输出
2. os.popen()
output = os.popen('ls')
print output.read()
#打印出的是命令输出，但是得不到执行的返回值
3. commands.getstatusoutput()
(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
print status, output
#打印出返回值和命令输出
可以根据需要选取其中一种方法，以下是python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql，并定期更新的程序：
1 '''
2 Created on Dec 10, 2014
3
4 @author: liufei
5 '''
6 #coding=utf-8
7 import time, sched, os, string
8 from datetime import datetime
9 import MySQLdb
10
11 s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)
12
13 def event_func():
14 try:
15 #主机名
16 name = os.popen(""" hostname """).read()
17 #cpu数目
18 cpu_num = os.popen(""" cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l """).read()
19 #内存大小
20 mem = os.popen(""" free | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}' """).read()
21 #机器品牌
22 brand = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Vendor' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
23 #型号
24 model = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
25 #磁盘大小
26 storage = os.popen(""" fdisk -l | grep 'Disk /dev/sd' | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}END{print sum}' """).read()
27 #mac地址
28 mac = os.popen(""" ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' """).read()
29
30
31
32 name = name.replace("
","").lstrip()
33 cpu_num = cpu_num.replace("
","").lstrip()
34 memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace("
","").lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)
35 brand = brand.replace("
","").lstrip()
36 model = model.replace("
","").lstrip()
37 storage_gb = storage.replace("
","").lstrip()
38 mac = mac.replace("
","").lstrip()
39
40 print name
41 print cpu_num
42 print memory_gb
43 print storage_gb
44 print brand
45 print model
46 print mac
47
48 conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='USERNAME',passwd='PASSWORD',db='DBNAME',port=3306)
49 cur=conn.cursor()
50 cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)
51 data = cur.fetchone()
52
53 if data is None:
54 value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]
55 cur.execute("insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",value)
56 else:
57 value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]
58 cur.execute("update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s",value1)
59
60 conn.commit()
61 cur.close()
62 conn.close()
63
64 except MySQLdb.Error,e:
65 print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
66
67 def perform(inc):
68 s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))
69 event_func()
70
71 def mymain(inc=10):
72 s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))
73 s.run()
74
75 if __name__ == "__main__":
76 mymain()