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要使用Dictionary集合,需要导入C#泛型命名空间
System.Collections.Generic(程序集:mscorlib)
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Dictionary的描述
1、从一组键(Key)到一组值(Value)的映射,每一个添加项都是由一个值及其相关连的键组成
2、任何键都必须是唯一的
3、键不能为空引用null(VB中的Nothing),若值为引用类型,则可以为空值
4、Key和Value可以是任何类型(string,int,custom class 等)
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Dictionary常用用法:以 key 的类型为 int , value的类型为string 为例
1、创建及初始化
Dictionary<int,string>myDictionary=newDictionary<int,string>();
2、添加元素
myDictionary.Add(1,"C#");
myDictionary.Add(2,"C++");
myDictionary.Add(3,"ASP.NET");

myDictionary.Add(4,"MVC");
3、通过Key查找元素
if(myDictionary.ContainsKey(1))
{
Console.WriteLine("Key:{0},Value:{1}","1", myDictionary[1]);
}
4、通过KeyValuePair遍历元素
foreach(KeyValuePair<int,string>kvp in myDictionary)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
5、仅遍历键 Keys 属性
Dictionary<int,string>.KeyCollection keyCol=myDictionary.Keys;
foreach(intkeyinkeyCol)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", key);
}
6、仅遍历值 Valus属性
Dictionary<int,string>.ValueCollection valueCol=myDictionary.Values;
foreach(stringvalueinvalueCol)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", value);
}
7、通过Remove方法移除指定的键值
myDictionary.Remove(1);
if(myDictionary.ContainsKey(1))
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key:{0},Value:{1}","1", myDictionary[1]);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("不存在 Key : 1");
}
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其它常见属性和方法的说明:
Comparer: 获取用于确定字典中的键是否相等的 IEqualityComparer。
Count: 获取包含在 Dictionary中的键/值对的数目。
Item: 获取或设置与指定的键相关联的值。
Keys: 获取包含 Dictionary中的键的集合。
Values: 获取包含 Dictionary中的值的集合。
Add: 将指定的键和值添加到字典中。
Clear: 从 Dictionary中移除所有的键和值。
ContainsKey: 确定 Dictionary是否包含指定的键。
ContainsValue: 确定 Dictionary是否包含特定值。
GetEnumerator: 返回循环访问 Dictionary的枚举数。
GetType: 获取当前实例的 Type。 (从 Object 继承。)
Remove: 从 Dictionary中移除所指定的键的值。
ToString: 返回表示当前 Object的 String。 (从 Object 继承。)
TryGetValue: 获取与指定的键相关联的值。
1、用法1: 常规用
增加键值对之前需要判断是否存在该键,如果已经存在该键而且不判断,将抛出异常。所以这样每次都要进行判断,很麻烦,在备注里使用了一个扩展方法
public static void DicSample1(){ Dictionary<String, String> pList = new Dictionary<String, String>(); try { if (pList.ContainsKey("Item1") == false) { pList.Add("Item1", "ZheJiang"); } if (pList.ContainsKey("Item2")== false) { pList.Add("Item2", "ShangHai"); } else { pList["Item2"] = "ShangHai"; } if (pList.ContainsKey("Item3") == false) { pList.Add("Item3", "BeiJiang"); } } catch (System.Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message); } //判断是否存在相应的key并显示 if (pList.ContainsKey("Item1")) { Console.WriteLine("Output: " + pList["Item1"]); } //遍历Key foreach (var key in pList.Keys) { Console.WriteLine("Output Key: {0}", key); } //遍历Value foreach (String value in pList.Values) { Console.WriteLine("Output Value: {0}", value); } //遍历Key和Value foreach (var dic in pList) { Console.WriteLine("Output Key : {0}, Value : {1} ", dic.Key, dic.Value); }} |
2、用法2:Dictionary的Value为一个数组
/// <summary>/// Dictionary的Value为一个数组/// </summary> public static void DicSample2() { Dictionary<String, String[]> dic = new Dictionary<String, String[]>(); String[] ZheJiang = { "Huzhou", "HangZhou", "TaiZhou" }; String[] ShangHai = { "Budong", "Buxi" }; dic.Add("ZJ", ZheJiang); dic.Add("SH", ShangHai); Console.WriteLine("Output :" + dic["ZJ"][0]); } |
3、用法3: Dictionary的Value为一个类
//Dictionary的Value为一个类public static void DicSample3() { Dictionary<String, Student> stuList = new Dictionary<String, Student>(); Student stu = null; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++ ) { stu = new Student(); stu.Name = i.ToString(); stu.Name = "StuName" + i.ToString(); stuList.Add(i.ToString(), stu); } foreach (var student in stuList) { Console.WriteLine("Output : Key {0}, Num : {1}, Name {2}", student.Key, student.Value.Name, student.Value.Name); } } |
Student类:
public class Student{ public String Num { get; set; } public String Name { get; set; }} |
4 备注:Dictionary的扩展方法使用
/// <summary>/// Dictionary的扩展方法使用/// </summary> public static void DicSample4() { //1)普通调用 Dictionary<int, String> dict = new Dictionary<int, String>(); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 1, "ZhangSan"); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 2, "WangWu"); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.AddOrPeplace(dict, 3, "WangWu"); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.AddOrPeplace(dict, 3, "ZhangWu"); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 2, "LiSi"); //2)TryAdd 和 AddOrReplace 这两个方法具有较强自我描述能力,用起来很省心,而且也简单: dict.AddOrPeplace(20, "Orange"); dict.TryAdd(21, "Banana"); dict.TryAdd(22, "apple"); //3)像Linq或jQuery一样连起来写 dict.TryAdd(10, "Bob") .TryAdd(11, "Tom") .AddOrPeplace(12, "Jom"); //4) 获取值 String F = "Ba"; dict.TryGetValue(31, out F); Console.WriteLine("F : {0}",F); foreach (var dic in dict) { Console.WriteLine("Output : Key : {0}, Value : {1}", dic.Key, dic.Value); } //5)下面是使用GetValue获取值 var v1 = dict.GetValue(111,null); var v2 = dict.GetValue(10,"abc"); //6)批量添加 var dict1 = new Dictionary<int,int>(); dict1.AddOrPeplace(3, 3); dict1.AddOrPeplace(5, 5); var dict2 = new Dictionary<int, int>(); dict2.AddOrPeplace(1, 1); dict2.AddOrPeplace(4, 4); dict2.AddRange(dict1, false); } |
扩展方法所在的类
public static class DictionaryExtensionMethodClass { /// <summary> /// 尝试将键和值添加到字典中:如果不存在,才添加;存在,不添加也不抛导常 /// </summary> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> TryAdd<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue value) { if (dict.ContainsKey(key) == false) dict.Add(key, value); return dict; } /// <summary> /// 将键和值添加或替换到字典中:如果不存在,则添加;存在,则替换 /// </summary> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> AddOrPeplace<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue value) { dict[key] = value; return dict; } /// <summary> /// 获取与指定的键相关联的值,如果没有则返回输入的默认值 /// </summary> public static TValue GetValue<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue defaultValue) { return dict.ContainsKey(key)?dict[key] : defaultValue; } /// <summary> /// 向字典中批量添加键值对 /// </summary> /// <param name="replaceExisted">如果已存在,是否替换</param> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> AddRange<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> values, bool replaceExisted) { foreach (var item in values) { if (dict.ContainsKey(item.Key) == false || replaceExisted) dict[item.Key] = item.Value; } return dict; }} |