Appium 并发测试基于unitest

前言：

在回归测试阶段，UI测试，兼容测试是测试的必要步骤。UI自动化的本身是比较冗余的测试，但是换个角度思考，UI自动化同时连接多台设备，那么在回归测试时，在同一个脚本下产生的测试结果是非常有价值的。

不同设备在并发下的测试结果可以为我们提供：

1. 兼容性测试（不同的手机品牌，Android版本， 分辨率等）

2. 性能测试（通过安装Emmagee，监控不同手机在同脚本下，性能的变化）

3. 界面对比（通过图像识别opencv，截图对比等 查看在相同页面的变化）

思路：

1. 启动多路appium服务

2. 启动并连接多路手机端

3. 运行并生成测试报告

问题：

1. python的unittest框架和java不同，不支持参数传入，可以通过重写unittest.TestCase的init添加参数

2. appium 通过命令行启动，需要安装非desktop的版本，且最好安装1.9版本appium，1.0我启动不了

框架代码截取：

1. 重写unittest的初始化函数

class ParametrizedCase(unittest.TestCase):
        def __init__(self, methodName='runTest', param=None):
        super(ParametrizedCase, self).__init__(methodName)
        global devices
        devices = param

        @classmethod
        def setUpClass(cls):
            cls.driver = connect_device(devices)

        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(cls):
            cls.driver.close_app()
            cls.driver.quit()

2. 封装启动appium的服务方法：

基于 appium 的启动命令

appium  -p  -bp  -U 

封装多线程启动

class AppiumServer:
    def __init__(self, kwargs=None):
        self.kwargs = kwargs

    def start_server(self):
        """start the appium server
        """
        for i in range(0, len(self.kwargs)):
            cmd = "appium --session-override -p %s -bp %s -U %s" % (
                self.kwargs[i]["port"], self.kwargs[i]["bport"], self.kwargs[i]["devices"])
            print(cmd)
            if platform.system() == "Windows":  # windows下启动server
                t1 = RunServer(cmd)
                p = Process(target=t1.start())
                p.start()
                while True:
                    print("--------start_win_server-------------")
                    if self.win_is_runnnig("http://127.0.0.1:" + self.kwargs[i]["port"] + "/wd/hub" + "/status"):
                        print("-------win_server_ 成功--------------")
                        break
            else:
                appium = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1,
                                          close_fds=True)
                while True:
                    appium_line = appium.stdout.readline().strip().decode()
                    time.sleep(1)
                    print("---------start_server----------")
                    if 'listener started' in appium_line or 'Error: listen' in appium_line:
                        print("----server_ 成功---")
                        break

    def win_is_runnnig(self, url):
        """Determine whether server is running
        :return:True or False
        """
        response = None
        time.sleep(1)
        try:
            response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=5)

            if str(response.getcode()).startswith("2"):
                return True
            else:
                return False
        except URLError:
            return False
        except socket.timeout:
            return False
        finally:
            if response:
                response.close()

    def stop_server(self, devices):
        sysstr = platform.system()

        if sysstr == 'Windows':
            os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe")
        else:
            for device in devices:
                # mac
                cmd = "lsof -i :{0}".format(device["port"])
                plist = os.popen(cmd).readlines()
                plisttmp = plist[1].split("    ")
                plists = plisttmp[1].split(" ")
                # print plists[0]
                os.popen("kill -9 {0}".format(plists[0]))

class RunServer(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, cmd):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.cmd = cmd

    def run(self):
        os.system(self.cmd)

3. 封装连接Android设备的方法：

def connect_device(devices):
    desired_caps = {}
    desired_caps['platformVersion'] = devices["platformVersion"]
    desired_caps['platformName'] = devices["platformName"]
    desired_caps["automationName"] = devices['automationName']
    desired_caps['deviceName'] = devices["deviceName"]
    desired_caps["appPackage"] = devices["appPackage"]
    desired_caps["appActivity"] = devices["appActivity"]
    desired_caps["noReset"] = True
    desired_caps['noSign'] = True
    desired_caps["unicodeKeyboard"] = True
    desired_caps["resetKeyboard"] = True
    desired_caps["systemPort"] = devices["systemPort"]

    # desired_caps['app'] = devices["app"]
    remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + str(devices["port"]) + "/wd/hub"
    # remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + "4723" + "/wd/hub"
    driver = webdriver.Remote(remote, desired_caps)
    return driver

4. 多线程启动服务和多线程连接多终端，生成日志报告

def runnerPool(getDevices):
    devices_Pool = []

    for i in range(0, len(getDevices)):
        _initApp = {}
        _initApp["deviceName"] = getDevices[i]["devices"]
        _initApp["platformVersion"] = getPhoneInfo(devices=_initApp["deviceName"])["release"]
        _initApp["platformName"] = "Android"
        _initApp["port"] = getDevices[i]["port"]
        _initApp["automationName"] = "UiAutomator2"
        _initApp["systemPort"] = getDevices[i]["systemPort"]
        _initApp["appPackage"] = 'cn.vsx.vc'
        _initApp["appActivity"] = '.activity.RegistActivity'
        devices_Pool.append(_initApp)
    print(f'devices pool are {devices_Pool}')
    with ProcessPoolExecutor(len(devices_Pool)) as pool:
        pool.map(runnerCaseApp, devices_Pool)


def runnerCaseApp(devices):
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(ParametrizedCase.parametrize(group_call, param=devices))  # 加入测试类
    now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S')
    result = BeautifulReport(suite)
    result.report(filename=now + f"_{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}.html", log_path='E:\TestReports\',
                  description=f"{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    devices = attached_devices()
    if len(devices) > 0:
        l_devices = []
        for dev in devices:
            app = {}
            app["devices"] = dev
            app["port"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900))
            app["bport"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900))
            app["systemPort"] = random.randint(4700, 4900)
            l_devices.append(app)
        print(f'list of server:{l_devices}')
        appium_server = AppiumServer(l_devices)
        appium_server.start_server()
        runnerPool(l_devices)
        appium_server.stop_server(l_devices)
    else:
        print("没有可用的安卓设备")

以上为大体的运行思路，只截取部分代码，其他的缺失代码可自行思考

思路扩展：

1. unittest框架希望升级成pytest框架更灵活，支持的插件也更多。 

2. allure报告支持pytest，更详细美观且可支持Jenkins持续集成

3. 可替换appium为阿里的macaca

（全平台支持，不限制移动端
更专业的 Node 模块开发和封装
驱动更加快速、稳定
本地到持续集成的方案提供
技术栈更新更快
协议更自由 MIT
全面的技术支持
在国内社区更有优势） 当然 appium也不错，实在下载不了就考虑macaca

4. atx uiautomator2 的模式也可以参考，优势在于可通过WiFi进行多手机并发